Review of the halal status of ceramide in cosmetics: a strategic approach to halal policy and consumer awareness in Indonesia

Lifestyle changes in a fast-paced direction require producers and consumers to be smart about it. Manufacturers are required to provide products with good quality, not only material but also a series of processes applied in the production process. Four aspects, namely awareness about halal assurance certification, commitment to halal certification, availability of resources, and the last aspect is governance, which is the key to these changes. Halal Assurance Certification is one of the indicators that a product meets the quality criteria as halal food that producers must meet. This study aims to determine the awareness and desire of MSMEs to meet the criteria to apply for Halal Assurance Certification. The variables in the questionnaire to be developed following 11 HC criteria, namely halal policy, halal management team, training and education, materials, products, production facilities, written procedures for critical activities, traceability, procedures for handling products that do not meet the criteria, internal audits, management reviews. Data analysis with descriptive statistical tests, using the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient to determine the relationship of the data obtained. Administrative requirements are something that needs to be considered. The limitations of human resources with odd job roles are also obstacles in implementing the administrative system. Those criteria are written procedure criteria for critical activities (WPCA), traceability (T), product handling procedures that do not meet the criteria (PH), internal audit (IA), and review management. The desire of MSMEs to apply for halal certificates is also at a high level. The relationship between consciousness and desire also enters into a strong and moderate relationship in administrative applications. With these conditions, MSMEs assisted by BAZNAS need assistance in applying for halal certificates. Keywords: halal awareness, halal certification, MSMEs, willingness

PurposeThe halal cosmetics industry continues to grow significantly. Furthermore, using halal cosmetics is a must for Muslims. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the switching intention to halal cosmetics in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis quantitative study uses a Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) on 214 respondents. The variables include halal certification, halal awareness, product image, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, attitude, advertisement and switching intention.FindingsThe product image plays the most influential role in deriving the attitude toward switching intention to halal cosmetics, following perceived behavioral control, halal awareness and subjective norm, but not halal certification and advertisement. The result indicates that the image of halal cosmetics influences customers’ attitudes toward switching to using halal cosmetics. Indonesian customers know the obligation to use halal products because they are Muslim. However, the existence of halal certification does not derive the switching intention to halal cosmetics.Research limitations/implicationsThis study conducts research only in Indonesia. As a recommendation, further studies might conduct a comparative test using multicultural respondents in several countries. Other studies also suggested examining factors of switching intention through different generational, especially in countries with high individualism traits.Practical implicationsThis study will encourage the halal industry, especially the halal cosmetics industry, to pay more attention to the product image. Meanwhile, the government can provide incentives or rewards to promote industry participation in halal cosmetics. The findings provide a more detailed understanding of how product image can influence someone to switch to halal cosmetics.Originality/valueResearch on switching intention to halal cosmetics is still limited. This study uses halal variables, while previous studies only used religiosity. This study also introduced the product images motivating customers’ switching intention to use halal cosmetics.

Halal certification is defined as the recognition of the halalness of a product issued by BPJPH based on a written fatwa issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council. Certification is carried out by conducting a series of examinations carried out by competent auditors in their fields to then determine its halal status. If the halal requirements are met, the producer can get a certificate for its product. This halal certificate is then used by the producer as a requirement to be able to include a halal label and halal registration number on the product packaging. This halal label is usually used by business actors in order to fulfill their obligations to provide information to consumers regarding the halalness of their products. This article discusses the Community Service Program of KKNT IAIN Sorong Students in Makbalim Village, Mayamuk District, Southwest Papua. By holding a halal certification seminar, the aim is to provide an understanding of the importance of Halal Certification and Halal Legalization in improving product quality and consumer trust and inviting MSME actors to develop their products through halal certification. The focus of this service is on making halal certification, the requirements for making halal certification, and making NIB. Data collection involves participant observation of MSME actors, interviews with MSME participants, MSME leaders and analysis related to the halal registration and certification process. The writing method in this service article is carried out using qualitative methods and descriptive approaches. From the results of direct field visits, we found that MSME actors in Makbalim Village before attending the halal certification seminar, many did not understand the importance of the halal certification process. Therefore, we conducted socialization to MSME actors in Makbalim Village regarding the importance of licensing or labeling on a product in order to develop in the future.

The global halal industry has become a crucial sector in international trade, with modest fashion and halal cosmetics emerging as key drivers of economic growth. Indonesia, as the country with the largest Muslim population, has positioned itself as a major player in the halal industry, supported by a robust regulatory framework and international trade agreements. This study examines the integration of halal certification in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and its impact on Indonesia’s halal product exports, particularly modest fashion and cosmetics, to the Middle East. Using a qualitative approach with document analysis, this research explores the challenges and opportunities faced by Indonesian exporters, focusing on regulatory harmonization, market access, and international competitiveness. Findings indicate that Indonesia’s halal certification system, governed by BPJPH and supported by Law No. 33 of 2014, aligns with international halal standards but faces difficulties in mutual recognition with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Despite the Indonesia-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) reducing trade barriers, non-tariff barriers such as certification redundancy and supply chain inefficiencies continue to hinder exports. The study reveals that Indonesia’s modest fashion and halal cosmetics sectors are experiencing rapid growth, with total halal exports reaching IDR 673.9 trillion in 2024. However, competition from Malaysia, Turkey, and the UAE, alongside challenges in e-commerce adoption, logistics, and branding, limit Indonesia’s global market share. To enhance international competitiveness, regulatory harmonization, supply chain improvements, digital transformation, and strategic branding initiatives are necessary. This research provides critical insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and scholars in Islamic economics and global trade, emphasizing the need for stronger diplomatic efforts, trade policy alignment, and digital capacity building to strengthen Indonesia’s position as a global halal industry leader. Keywords: Halal Certification; Free Trade Agreements; Modest Fashion; Halal Cosmetics; Indonesia

Blockchain-enabled halal food certification and supply chain framework in the UAE

This study aims to conduct a comparative study of halal policies in Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam. The focus of this research is to understand the differences and similarities in the approaches and implementation of halal policies in these countries, as well as the factors that influence the development of halal regulations at the national level. The comparative analysis method is used in this study to compare the halal policies of several countries in Southeast Asia. Data and information are obtained from various sources, including official regulations, government reports, academic publications, and other relevant documents. Each country is identified as having a halal certification body that plays a role in the process of certifying and guaranteeing product halalness. Based on the results of the author's analysis, it can be concluded that almost all member countries of Asean already have halal policy regulations which serve as guidelines for implementing halal product guarantees in their respective countries. As for countries that do not have regulations related to halal policies, such as Laos and Myanmar. However, in Myanmar, there is a halal certification service by a multinational halal certificate agency. In general, the mechanism for halal certification in ASEAN countries has the same stages, starting from registration, verification, audit, determination of halal products, issuance of halal certificates to the validity period of the halal certificate. However, each of these stages has guidelines and policies contained in each country's halal policy regulations and implemented by halal certificate institutions in each country. The validity period is also a concern because the majority of the validity period of certificates in each ASEAN country is 1 year. Indonesia is the only country in Asean that enforces halal certificates for life or for production and requires halal certificates in Indonesia.

In recent years, Halal product demand has increased, boosting the global economy. Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim population, and its Halal cosmetics sector is strongly tied to customer purchasing decisions based on purchase intentions and loyalty as post-purchase behaviors. Halal products need marketing techniques as new ones are introduced. This research examines how halal product certification, brand awareness, brand image, and customer loyalty affect consumer purchasing decisions for halal cosmetics. Indonesian halal cosmetics were studied. A survey of 66 East Java Muslim residents provided data. This study found that customer loyalty, halal awareness, and purchase intention influence purchasing intention. Halal Certification, Price, and Brand Image are insignificant. Halal awareness, a moderating influence of purchasing intention on purchase decisions, has no significant effect.

Abstract: In recent times, the escalation of halal food fraud, involving the illicit use of halal logos and certificates, label misrepresentation, and contamination with non-halal elements, has become a pressing concern. This issue has especially impacted consumer trust, particularly among Malaysia's Muslim community, magnified by the disreputable meat cartel scandal. Safeguarding Muslim consumers' confidence in halal meat products is a significant challenge, necessitating severe measures in all aspects, including halal certification procedures. This study investigates the specific degrees of halal certification practices within the meat industry, emphasizing their pivotal role in upholding industry integrity. Employing comprehensive library research and document analysis, encompassing primary and secondary sources such as articles, journals, official portals, and conference papers, detailed insights were extracted and thematically analyzed. The research reveals how important of halal certificates towards customers to ensure the halal status of meat products in the market, aligning with Shariah requirements. The study's findings are poised to enrich current knowledge about halal certification in the meat industry, offering valuable insights for industry stakeholders, consumers, and governmental bodies. Ultimately, this study provides a robust foundation, serving as an invaluable reference point for industry players, regulatory authorities, and other relevant agencies, offering a comprehensive framework to underscore halal certification in Malaysia's meat-based industry. Abstrak: Sejak kebelakangan ini, peningkatan penipuan makanan halal, yang melibatkan penggunaan logo dan sijil halal secara haram, pemalsuan label, dan pencemaran dengan elemen bukan halal, telah menjadi kebimbangan yang mendalam. Isu ini telah memberi impak besar kepada kepercayaan pengguna, terutamanya dalam kalangan masyarakat Muslim Malaysia, akibat skandal kartel daging. Memastikan keyakinan pengguna Muslim terhadap produk daging halal adalah satu cabaran besar. Ia memerlukan langkah-langkah tegas dalam semua aspek, termasuk melibatkan prosedur pensijilan halal. Kajian ini mengkaji amalan pensijilan halal dalam industri daging secara terperinci, menekankan kepentingnya dalam mengekalkan integriti industri. Dengan menggunakan penyelidikan perpustakaan yang komprehensif dan analisis dokumen, termasuk sumber-sumber utama dan sekunder seperti artikel, jurnal, portal rasmi, dan kertas persidangan, pandangan terperinci diekstrak dan dianalisis secara tematik. Kajian ini mendedahkan betapa pentingnya sijil halal kepada pengguna untuk memastikan status halal produk daging di pasaran, selari dengan keperluan Syariah. Dapatan kajian ini dijangka akan meningkatkan pengetahuan semasa mengenai kepentingan pensijilan halal dalam industri daging, memberikan pandangan penting kepada pihak industri, pengguna, dan badan kerajaan. Pada keseluruhannya, kajian ini menyediakan landasan kukuh, berperanan sebagai titik rujukan yang sangat berharga kepada industri, pihak berkuasa yang mengawal selia dan agensi berkaitan, menyediakan kerangka menyeluruh untuk memartabatkan pensijilan halal dalam industri daging di Malaysia.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate the role that halal certification organisations (HCOs) play in the UK in assuring quality in halal cosmetics.Design/methodology/approachThe study evaluates whether halal certification assures the quality of halal cosmetic products. This research evaluated the quality assurance systems of major UK HCOs, using a hypothetical product as a test vehicle. The investigation considered whether these organisations differ in their definition of “halal” and “halal cosmetics” and also considered how effectively their certification signals quality assurance.FindingsThe study indicated that there is a failure to adopt holistic halal terminology which implies that within the UK halal cosmetics industry, manufacturers may not be working within agreed standards for halal product integrity.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focussed on UK certification for halal cosmetics by three HCOs and disregarded other forms of halal businesses. The literature review is based solely on literature available in the English language. The study lacks generalisability, as only one hypothetical product was tested; therefore, it was not possible to reach an understanding of all the costs involved in UK HCO certification.Practical implicationsThis study undertook a comprehensive literature review on halal certification to produce a comparison of halal sanctioning laws, certification processes and the level of supply chain verification by UK HCOs.Originality/valueThis study adds value to the knowledge on UK halal certification.

The cosmetic industry is one of the industries that is developing in Indonesia. The many types of cosmetic products available in the Indonesian market lead to many alternative choices for consumers when buying cosmetics. The demand for halal cosmetics in Indonesia is getting higher so that local and imported cosmetic products strive for halal certification, both official institutions in Indonesia (LPPOM MUI) and halal institutions that are officially recognized by the International. In addition to halal certificates, the marketing mix is ​​also a strategy to get a market in Indonesia. This study aims to formulate strategies that can be applied to increase interest in purchasing halal cosmetics. The questionnaire was distributed to 124 respondents using the structural equation model (SEM) analysis method with partial least square (PLS) approach to analyze the effect of halal certification and the marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) on purchase intention halal cosmetics in Indonesia. SEM test results show that the halal certification variable has a significant relationship to the interest in halal cosmetics. Product variables have a significant relationship to purchase intention in halal cosmeti

The global halal cosmetics market is projected to grow during the forecast period. However, the factors that influenced consumers in the world to opt for halal cosmetics remain ambiguous. The objective of this study was to understand the universal concept of halal cosmetics and a framework of critical points that influence consumers in purchasing halal cosmetic products. The method used was Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement by using Web of Science and Scopus databases. This study extends the systematic literature review covering all variables in purchasing halal cosmetics as halal cosmetic is not simply a religious issue, but it is also an opportunity to increase sales and acquire a competitive advantage. This study found 14 articles that mainly discussed the critical points related to religiosity and product factors, that is, ingredient, halal logo, and halal certification as the highest driver in influencing consumers to purchase halal cosmetics. Other related factors in this study are price, promotion, place, social factors, and characteristics of consumers. These factors should be taken into consideration as they provide a plus point and an extra edge to local or international manufacturers to tap the global markets for halal cosmetic products that cater to both Muslims and non-Muslims communities. Cosmetic manufacturers and marketers must ensure that their products suit the expectation of consumers as todays halalan and tayyiban products are being searched rather than branded products due to their cleanliness, safety, and hygienic. This study is among the earliest study examining the factors of purchase intention in halal cosmetics using a systematic literature review method that integrates marketing stimulus (product, price, promotion, and place) and other stimuli (social, religious, and characteristics).

PurposeThere is paucity of research on the significant criteria that non-Muslims consider when purchasing halal cosmetics. Consequently, this paper aims to apply the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the health belief model (HBM) to investigate the effects of subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), halal certification and health consciousness on attitude; as well as the impact of attitude on promoting the intention to purchase halal cosmetic products among non-Muslims.Design/methodology/approachData collection involved the use of a web-based survey of 238 non-Muslim respondents that are resident in Malaysia, a south east Asian country reputed for being the global hub for halal products. The proposed model was evaluated using Smart PLS 3.3.5.FindingsAccording to the structural model results, halal certification, health consciousness and SN have significant relationships with attitude. In addition, there are significant relationships between attitude, health consciousness, SN and the intention to purchase halal cosmetic products. In contrast, there is no correlation between halal certification, PBC and intention to purchase halal cosmetics. Furthermore, attitude significantly mediates the relationships between halal certification, SN, health consciousness and intention to purchase halal cosmetics. However, attitude did not significantly fulfil the role of a mediator in the relationship between PBC and intention to purchase halal cosmetic products.Originality/valueThe study findings provide valuable insights to companies targeting non-Muslim markets. The study findings contend how halal cosmetic production/marketing companies may customize their marketing activities based on social and health perspectives, thereby increasing the consumers’ social expectations and confidence in halal cosmetics production standards and guaranteeing safety to influence their attitudes and quickly penetrate the new market for non-Muslim consumers who make a relatively unexplored population.

This systematic literature review aims to comprehensively analyze the factors influencing motivation, compliance, and the impact on performance in the context of Halal certification. A thorough search of academic databases using Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) published between 2016 and 2023 yielded a comprehensive selection of articles focusing on motivation, compliance, and the impact on performance in Halal certification within Malaysian and Indonesian food enterprises. The selected studies underwent a comprehensive screening process, and relevant data were extracted for synthesis before being validated through field study experts. Based on primary data N equal to 20 articles, the review highlights the intricate interplay of internal and external factors influencing the Malaysian and Indonesian food industry's motivation and compliance and the impact on performance in Halal certification for food industry. This pioneering study provides researchers, food companies, and stakeholders valuable insights into positive factors toward the sustainability of food Halal certification in both countries. It provides a relatively new finding from the Malaysian and Indonesian points of view regarding readiness and sustaining Halal food certification to be the champion of global Halal. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this novel study was the first attempt to integrate drivers and compliance of halal certification and the impact on performance in the specific context of food manufacturing in Malaysia and Indonesia.

Halal refers to the Islamic law that Muslims must adhere to, which includes all materials used in everyday life, such as cosmetic products. Muslims not only need the final product to be halal, they also need to ensure that all aspects of supply chain of the products, such as raw materials, handling, processing, transportation, distribution, storage, product safety, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the product comply with halal principles as well. To verify compliance with halal cosmetic products, halal and non-halal material traceability methods are indispensable. In addition, halal principles, halal certification, halal logo, and halal safety can be used as halal compliance benchmarks. In spite of high level of awareness on halal cosmetics among the Malaysian population, the integrity of the final product is still questionable. Hence, this paper discusses the best practices of halal cosmetics in Malaysia that can contribute to the improvement of firm's performance, and ultimately maintain the integrity of halal products.

.