Abstract
Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glycoside found in food and medicinal plants. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective effects. This review study summarizes all the protective effects of vitexin as an antioxidant against reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and other oxidative damages in a variety of oxidative stress‐related diseases, including seizure, memory impairment, cerebral ischemia, neurotoxicity, myocardial and respiratory injury, and metabolic dysfunction, with possible molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review describes any activation or inhibition of the signaling pathways that depend on the antioxidant activity of vitexin. More basic research is needed on the antioxidative effects of vitexin in vivo, and carrying out clinical trials for the treatment of oxidative stress‐related diseases is also recommended.
Highlights
Vitexin (Apigenin-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside) is a chemical compound found in many plants, such as buckwheat (Zielinska, Szawara-Nowak, Ornatowska, & Wiczkowski, 2007), hawthorn (Kirakosyan et al, 2003), Echinodorus (Tanus-Rangel et al, 2010), bamboo (Wang, Yue, Jiang, & Tang, 2012), mung bean (Cao et al, 2011), and Passiflora (Gadioli, da Cunha, de Carvalho, Costa, & Pineli, 2018)
This review study summarizes the antioxidant effects of vitexin and its derivatives on oxidative stress-related diseases (Figure 2)
All the major in vivo or in vitro studies conducted over the past decade about the effects of vitexin as an antioxidant on oxidative stress were selected for this review study
Summary
Vitexin (Apigenin-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside) is a chemical compound found in many plants, such as buckwheat (Zielinska, Szawara-Nowak, Ornatowska, & Wiczkowski, 2007), hawthorn (Kirakosyan et al, 2003), Echinodorus (Tanus-Rangel et al, 2010), bamboo (Wang, Yue, Jiang, & Tang, 2012), mung bean (Cao et al, 2011), and Passiflora (Gadioli, da Cunha, de Carvalho, Costa, & Pineli, 2018). Vitexin has been proven capable of donating electrons and has acted as a good radical scavenger. It has a better antioxidant activity than apigenin, since the presence of C-8 glucoside in vitexin causes a reduction of its bond dissociation enthalpy compared to aglycone apigenin. Vitexin is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. It is rapidly removed from the blood, and its absolute oral bioavailability is very low. The first-pass effects of vitexin are almost intestinal (approximately 94%) and less gastric (30%) and hepatic (5%), which contribute to its low bioavailability. This review study summarizes the antioxidant effects of vitexin and its derivatives on oxidative stress-related diseases (Figure 2)
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