Review of neutral naturalness

Metronidazole belongs to the group of antiprotozoal medicines and is a potential object of research in various areas of analytical toxicology. Aim. To study the metronidazole behavior when developing with color reagents generally accepted and to determine R f values of metronidazole under chromatographing conditions in the solvent systems generally accepted in forensic toxicology. Results and discussion. It has been shown that such widely used color reagents as UV-light, iodine vapor, Wagner reagent, acidified iodoplatinate solution can be used for detecting metronidazole on chromatographic plates. Metronidazole gives positive detection results with reagents used in the TLC-screening of extracts from the biological material for substances of basic, acid and neutral nature. It has been proposed to develop metronidazole with the neutral ninhydrin solution, p -dimethylaminobenzaldehyde solution and hydrochloric acid vapors, as well as acidified iodoplatinate solution after keeping the plates in formalin vapors. The chromatographic mobility of metronidazole has been studied in 17 solvents systems; the systems are used as standard mobile phases according to recommendations of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists for TLC-screening of organic compounds of acid, neutral and basic nature, in the general TLC-screening of organic substances in the Ukrainian forensic toxicological laboratories, and some systems investigated with the purpose of choosing the optimal individual solvents systems for the metronidazole study. Experimental part. The chromatographic plates Sorbfil® PTLC-IIH-UV and Merck® TLC SILICA GEL 60 were used as thin layers. Conclusions. The behavior of metronidazole when developing on TLC-plates with two types of a substrate (plastic and glass) and with/without luminophor (or UV-indicator) with commonly used colored reagents has been studied. The R f values of metronidazole under chromatographing conditions in the standard solvent systems used for TLC-screening of organic compounds of acid, neutral and basic nature have been determined.

Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin is a potent immunostimulant implicated in the development and/or progression of a variety of diseases. The mammalian immune system has both innate and adaptive immune responses to neutralize endotoxin. In this study, a system was developed to monitor bacterial exposure by measuring the extent and nature of endotoxin neutralization in plasma. In control patients, females had higher levels of endotoxin neutralization than males, mirroring clinical outcomes from bacterial infection and sepsis. In addition to the total amount of neutralization, we used inactivation techniques to elucidate the nature of this activity and develop a system to compare early and late immune responses. Using this method to monitor patients with inflammatory bowel disease, we found a more robust total response that relies more on long-term, adaptive components of the immune system and less on early, innate components. Our results indicate that endotoxin neutralization is a valuable method to discern inflammatory bowel disease patients from a control population. Additionally, the nature of neutralization may be valuable in monitoring disease severity and/or the role of medication.

In order to investigate the characteristics of edible Chinese herbs recorded in classic formulas of China, 86 formulas used for dietetic therapy were selected from Zhong Hua Yi Dian. All the edible Chinese herbs included in these formulas were input into the Access database. The analysis of the nature, flavor, and channel entered for these herbs was followed by using Spss 13.0 software. The results of analysis showed that herbs with neutral nature were the most popular, took up 41.8%, followed by herbs with warm nature, took up 28.1%; Sweet flavor herbs were the most frequently-used, took up 48.7%, next were the pungent flavor herbs, took up 23.0%; Spleen and Stomach channel entered herbs were the most, took up 38.6%, followed were Kidney channel entered herbs, took up 17.3%. These investigation results suggest that sweet flavor Chinese herbs with neutral or warm nature may be used a lot in dietetic therapy. Sweet flavor Chinese herbs enter Spleen channel and Spleen is the foundation of acquired constitution in Traditional Chinese Medicine [1,2]. Pungent flavor correspondences to Yang and pungent flavor herbs can improve the movement of Qi on the basis of the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine [3]. Therefore, Spleen and Stomach channel entered sweet or pungent flavor Chinese herbs are popular in dietetic therapy. Acknowledgements: Thanks to the support for this research from the project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (No.101002604).

We present a general class of natural theories in which the Higgs boson is a pseudo-Goldstone boson in an orbifolded gauge theory. The symmetry protecting the Higgs boson at low energies is an accidental global symmetry of the quadratic action, rather than a full continuous symmetry. The lightest degrees of freedom protecting the weak scale carry no standard model (SM) quantum numbers and interact with visible matter principally through the Higgs portal. This opens the door to the systematic study of "neutral naturalness": natural theories with SM-neutral states that are as yet untested by the LHC.

Environmental stability is a multifaceted concept and includes properties such as asymptotic stability, robustness, persistence, variability, elasticity and resistance. Resistance reflects the ability of a community or population to remain in a substantially unaltered state under external influence. The reverse of resistance is sensitivity. This article suggests a way to assess the sensitivity of animal communities to factors of various character and explain sensitivity and resistance of the macrofauna community near the floodplain of the river Dnieper within the "Dnipro-Orelsky" Nature Reserve to the effects of edaphic and plant factors, as well as spatial variables. It is shown that the regulatory impact of environmental factors is refracted through the properties of ecological systems themselves, namely resistance and sensitivity. If an ecological system does not react to changing environmental factors, such a system is indifferent with respect to these factors. In the case of regulatory influence of factors, there may be resistance, sensitivity and the proportionality of the response of the ecological system. The ratio of the specific role of a factor in the variability of a community to the contribution of the main components of the total variability of the attributive space makes it possible to assess the resistance, sensitivity and proportionality of response the ecological system to the action of that factor. If the ratio is >1, then this indicates sensitivity: level of variability of a community is higher than the relative role of environmental factors in the changing of the attributive space. If <1, this indicates resistance: the level of variability of a community is lower than the relative role of environmental factors in the changing of the attributive space. If the ratio =1 (≈1), changes in the community are proportional to the level of the main components of variation in comparison with other components. Ecological factors (both external environmental and internal due to species interactions and which have a neutral nature) cause different levels of community response to their impact. These differences refracted through different aspects of stability of a community can be described using the categories resistance, sensitivity and proportionality. The proposed procedure for quantification of specified properties of sustainability has established that the floodplain soil macrofauna is endowed with resistance to factors that prevail on the level of its variation. However, macrofauna is highly sensitive to minor factors. The community of the soil inhabitants is sensitive to fine-scale variations, which have a neutral nature.

Introduction. A decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis is observed in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patients with CLL are at a higher risk of developing fractures due to osteoporosis compared to healthy age-matched individuals. The pathogenesis of the osteodestructive process in CLL has been poorly studied and may be associated with excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and/or inhibition of antioxidant defense.Aim: to investigate the relationship between indicators of oxidative stress in bone tissue and indicators of osteopenia in patients with CLL.Materials and methods. The study included 48 male patients with CLL aged 50–70 years, divided into group 1 (n = 34) without signs of osteopenia and group 2 (n = 14) with signs of osteopenia based on osteodensitometry (T-score from –1.0 SD to –2.5 SD). BMD, T- and Z-scores were assessed in the lumbar spine, proximal femoral neck (PFC), and proximal femur. In the bone tissue homogenate, the content of products of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) was determined spectrophotometrically in spontaneous and metal-catalyzed modes, reserve-adaptation potential, and general antioxidant status.Results. Osteopenia was detected in 30 % of patients with CLL according to osteodensitometry in the neck of the proximal femur. In patients with CLL and osteopenia, signs of oxidative stress were observed in the bone tissue: early OMP products of a neutral and basic nature, late products of a neutral nature accumulated in the spontaneous detection mode; early and late OMP products of a neutral and basic nature accumulated in the induced mode; reserve-adaptive potential, the general antioxidant status decreased. Signs of osteopenia in the PFC in patients with CLL in the femoral neck increased as the content of early and late OMP products in the bone tissue increased in spontaneous and metal-induced detection modes, and the general antioxidant status in the bone tissue decreased.Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to modernize diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches.

We present two different approaches to solve the hierarchy problem of the Standard Model and to provide a consistent dynamical mechanism for electroweak symmetry breaking. As a first scenario, we follow the naturalness paradigm as realized in Composite Higgs theories, which conceive the Higgs particle as a bound state of a new strongly interacting sector confining at the TeV scale. We present a minimal implementation of the model and study in detail the phenomenology of vector resonances, which are predicted as states excited from the vacuum by the conserved currents of the new strong dynamics. This analysis allows us to derive constraints on the parameter space of Composite Higgs models from the presently available LHC data and to confront naturalness with experimental results. Motivated by the rising tension between theoretical expectations and the absence of new physics signals at the LHC, we consider as a second possibility the neutral naturalness paradigm and address the hierarchy problem by posing the existence of a mirror copy of the Standard Model, as realized in Twin Higgs theories. This new color-blind sector is the main actor in protecting the Higgs mass from large radiative corrections and is un-discoverable at the LHC, allowing us to push far in the ultraviolet the scale where the Standard Model effective theory breaks down and colored resonances appear. We present an implementation of the Twin Higgs program into a composite model and discuss the requirements for uplifting the symmetry protection mechanism also to the ultraviolet theory. After introducing a consistent Composite Twin Higgs model, we consider the constraints imposed on the scale where colored resonances are expected by the determination of the Higgs mass at three loops order, electroweak precision tests and perturbativity of the ultraviolet-complete model. We show that, although allowing in principle the new physics scale to lie far out of the LHC reach, these constructions need the existence of light colored top partners, with a mass of around 2-4 TeV, to comply with indirect observations. Neutral naturalness models may then evade detection at the LHC, but they can be probed and falsified at future colliders.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the legal nature of climate neutrality as a new category of administrative law of Ukraine and the features of its normative consolidation in the system of sources of national legislation. The author analyzes the gradual development of the concept of climate neutrality within the framework of the state policy of Ukraine, determining its characteristics, legal nature and interrelationships with public administration, state environmental policy and mechanisms for ensuring sustainable development. The study covers the international legal context of the formation of the concept of climate neutrality, in particular the provisions of the 2015 Paris Agreement and the experience of the European Union in consolidating the ambitious goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 through the European Green Deal and EU Regulation 2021/1119. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the Law of Ukraine dated 08.10.2024 No. 3991-IX «On the Basic Principles of State Climate Policy», which for the first time at the legislative level established a legally binding goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and an interim goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 65% by 2030 compared to the 1990 level. The paper examines the system of sources of administrative law that form the legal foundations of climate policy, including the long-term low-carbon development strategy, Ukraine’s nationally determined contribution to the Paris Agreement, the national energy and climate plan, and the climate change adaptation strategy. The administrative and legal mechanisms for achieving climate goals are analyzed, in particular the greenhouse gas emissions trading system, the carbon tax, and other economic climate policy instruments that must be implemented in accordance with EU standards. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were formulated about the dual legal nature of climate neutrality as a strategic goal-principle of state policy and a regulatory requirement that defines guidelines for the activities of public authorities in the field of environmental protection and ensuring sustainable development in the context of European integration processes and post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.

Recently, facial expression recognition techniques have made significant progress on high-resolution web images. However, in real-world applications, the obtained images are often with low resolution since they are mostly captured in a wide range of public spaces. As a result, the ambiguity of the expression labels hinders recognition performance due to not only subjective emotion annotations but also ambiguous images. Existing approaches tend to perform poorly when the resolution of face images decreases. In this work, we aim to model the aleatoric uncertainty induced by low-image-resolution and label ambiguity for robust facial expression recognition. We propose probabilistic data uncertainty learning to capture the ambiguity induced by poor image resolution. Additionally, we introduce the emotion wheel to learn the label-uncertainty-aware embedding. Moreover, we exploit the ambiguous nature of neutrality and propose a neutral expression constraint to learn more robust features for facial expression recognition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work utilizing the intrinsic nature of neutrality as a regularization to benefit model training. Extensive experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of our approach. Under low-resolution conditions, our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches by 3.02% and 3.16% in terms of accuracy on RAF-DB and FERPlus, respectively.

Segmentation is paramount to 3D video systems employing multi-view video-plus-depth data (MVD) to implement free-viewpoint navigation and comfortable 3D viewing, modeling, and comprehension. The Neutrosophic Set (NS) concept relies on the neutrosophy theory dealing with structures, and it focuses on the origin, scope, and nature of neutralities. NS used in this study is norm-entropy-based, and it is called Modified Neutrosophic Set Segmentation (MNSS). 3D modeling method via MNSS (3DMM_MNSS) proposed in this study improves the quality of single object 3D modeling through an NS stratagem called MNSS. 3DMM_MNSS is compared with 3D modeling method via OATS (3DMM_OATS) and with the 3D modeling method via FCMS (3DMM_FCMS). MNSS improves the quality of 3D modeling and prevents the problems arising from the depth map imprecision in terms of Figure of Merit (FOM), the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and the Uniformity Measure (UM) as performance metrics.

It is shown in experiments that intermittent hypoxia (equivalent to the altitude 4000 meters, 2 hours per day for 14 days) changes the capacity of the oxidized modification of proteins (OMP) in the gingival tissues of immature albino rats. The result of hypoxic effects depends on the sex of animals: in males it causes a decrease of proteins peroxidation intensity both of basic and neutral nature; in females – only a tendency to decrease of the basic OMP. Functional state of the pineal gland changed by experimental conditions (14 days of illumination – “physiological pinealectomy”, or 14 days of darkness – stimulation of the pineal gland) influenced the effects of hypoxia on the OMP in the gingival tissues. The darkness heightens the decreasing effects of hypoxia on the capacity of OMP in the gingival, which is more pronounced in male rats. Our results suggest that by an application of combination of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia and the darkness it is possible to prevent the process of accumulation of OMP in the gingival tissues.

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen: A comprehensive review on quality marker prediction based on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology.

This paper presents the arguments, the theoretical references and characteristics of certain didactic materials designed to promote reflection on the nature of scientific knowledge in the training of researchers and professors of Biological Sciences. These teaching resources have been selected and designed with the intent to activate a critical reflection on the cuisine of scientific research. We are concerned especially with the processes of reflection, reasoning and conceptual arguments that real scientists conduct during their practices in their contexts. Moreover, the analysis of the results of their implementation with groups of university students are provided, highlighting the main learnings achieved. Also, it has interested us to reflect on these contexts from their historical and not neutral nature, regaining their rich connections to other fields, such as politics, economics, religion, art and technology. Finally, with specific activities, we have focused on understanding the processes of construction of explanatory models in Biological Sciences. After the implementation of these scenarios we have verified that students advance in the overcoming of cognitive and epistemic obstacles with respect to the scientific research by recognizing their relationships with society, history and culture. Moreover, they progress in the denaturalization of absolutist conceptions about scientific knowledge, recognize the collaborative and collegiate nature of science and assume a principle of methodological pluralism including creative processes, with ethical implications.

The present work reports an investigation on the modification of conducting polyaniline (PANI) characteristics favorably on blending with the neutral polymer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in a systematic variation of their molar ratios (aniline : PVP = 4 : 1, 2 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3). Prepared by precipitation technique by conventional in situ chemical oxidative polymerization with ammonium peroxodisulfate in aqueous H2SO4 medium (pH 1.0), these materials have nanometer sizes (∼ 50–200 nm) and, depending on the molar ratios, exhibit a distinct deviation in physicochemical characteristics from those of pristine PANI prepared in the identical condition. A gradual trend in characteristics is noticed in first three PANI–PVP blends, while an abnormal hike in conductivity, unusual spectral features in IR and UV–vis, hardened nature, and induction of characteristic morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability are associated with the last two blends that have excess PVP. Thus a division of two sets of nanoblends, one set with less or equal content of PVP and another with excess of PVP, emerges. Evidently, PVP has a tuning effect on PANI through its dopant, supporting matrix and interpenetrating steric stabilizer acts in proportion quite unusual to its neutral nature. The study altogether brings to light a simple way of modification of PANI characteristics by conventional method of blend synthesis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007

The common background of microphysics and depth-psychology is as much physical as psychic and therefore neither, but rather a third thing, a neutral nature which can at most be grasped in hints since its essence is transcendental. The background of our empirical world thus appears to be in fact a unus mundus. This is at least a probable hypothesis which satisfies the basic tenet of scientific theory: “Explanatory principles are not to be multiplied beyond the necessary.” –Jung, CW 14, pp. 768-769