Review of clinical applications of nitric oxide-containing air-plasma gas flow generated by Plason device

Dermatologic TherapyVolume 33, Issue 6 e13712 LETTER Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: A skin rash in a child Olga Yu Olisova, Olga Yu Olisova orcid.org/0000-0003-2482-1754 Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorEkaterina M. Anpilogova, Corresponding Author Ekaterina M. Anpilogova truelass@hotmail.com orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-5838 Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia Correspondence Ekaterina M. Anpilogova, Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia. Email: truelass@hotmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorLidiya M. Shnakhova, Lidiya M. Shnakhova Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, RussiaSearch for more papers by this author Olga Yu Olisova, Olga Yu Olisova orcid.org/0000-0003-2482-1754 Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorEkaterina M. Anpilogova, Corresponding Author Ekaterina M. Anpilogova truelass@hotmail.com orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-5838 Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia Correspondence Ekaterina M. Anpilogova, Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia. Email: truelass@hotmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorLidiya M. Shnakhova, Lidiya M. Shnakhova Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, RussiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 May 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13712Citations: 16Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume33, Issue6November/December 2020e13712 RelatedInformation

Dermatologic TherapyVolume 33, Issue 4 e13668 Letter Apremilast as a potential treatment option for COVID-19: No symptoms of infection in a psoriatic patient Olga Yu Olisova, Olga Yu Olisova orcid.org/0000-0003-2482-1754 Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorEkaterina M. Anpilogova, Corresponding Author Ekaterina M. Anpilogova truelass@hotmail.com orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-5838 Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia Correspondence Ekaterina M. Anpilogova, Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia. Email: truelass@hotmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorDariya A. Svistunova, Dariya A. Svistunova Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, RussiaSearch for more papers by this author Olga Yu Olisova, Olga Yu Olisova orcid.org/0000-0003-2482-1754 Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorEkaterina M. Anpilogova, Corresponding Author Ekaterina M. Anpilogova truelass@hotmail.com orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-5838 Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia Correspondence Ekaterina M. Anpilogova, Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia. Email: truelass@hotmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorDariya A. Svistunova, Dariya A. Svistunova Dermatology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, RussiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 May 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13668Citations: 9Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume33, Issue4July/August 2020e13668 This article also appears in:Dermatologic Therapy COVID-19 Articles RelatedInformation

NO functions ubiquitously as a biological messenger but has also been implicated in various pathologies, a role supported by many reports that exogenous or endogenous NO can kill cells in tissue culture. In the course of experiments aimed at examining the toxicity of exogenous NO towards cultured cells, we found that most of the NO delivered using a NONOate (diazeniumdiolate) donor was removed by reaction with the tissue-culture medium. Two NO-consuming ingredients were identified: Hepes buffer and, under laboratory lighting, the vitamin riboflavin. In each case, the loss of NO was reversed by the addition of superoxide dismutase. The effect of Hepes was observed over a range of NONOate concentrations (producing up to 1 microM NO). Furthermore, from measurements of soluble guanylate cyclase activity, Hepes-dependent NO consumption remained significant at the low nanomolar NO concentrations relevant to physiological NO signalling. The combination of Hepes and riboflavin (in the light) acted synergistically to the extent that, instead of a steady-state concentration of about 1 microM being generated, NO was undetectable (<10 nM). Again, the consumption could be inhibited by superoxide dismutase. A scheme is proposed whereby a "vicious cycle" of superoxide radical (O(2)(.-)) formation occurs as a result of oxidation of Hepes to its radical species, fuelled by the subsequent reaction of O(2)(.-) with NO to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). The inadvertent production of ONOO(-) and other reactive species in biological media, or the associated loss of NO, may contribute to the adverse effects, or otherwise, of NO in vitro.

Dermatologic TherapyVolume 33, Issue 6 e13938 LETTER Efficacy of chlorine photodynamic therapy in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia Olga Yu Olisova, orcid.org/0000-0003-2482-1754 Department of Dermatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian FederationSearch for more papers by this authorEkaterina M. Anpilogova, Corresponding Author truelass@hotmail.com orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-5838 Department of Dermatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation Correspondence Ekaterina M. Anpilogova, Department of Dermatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation. Email: truelass@hotmail.comSearch for more papers by this author Olga Yu Olisova, orcid.org/0000-0003-2482-1754 Department of Dermatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian FederationSearch for more papers by this authorEkaterina M. Anpilogova, Corresponding Author truelass@hotmail.com orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-5838 Department of Dermatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation Correspondence Ekaterina M. Anpilogova, Department of Dermatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation. Email: truelass@hotmail.comSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 June 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13938Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume33, Issue6November/December 2020e13938 RelatedInformation

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenously generated diffusible messenger that mediates a multitude of physiological and pathological processes. Normally, NO is produced in low concentrations and acts both as a messenger and cytoprotective factor via direct interactions with transition metals and other free radicals. However, in the setting of inflammation or shock, the substantial amounts of NO released may lead to the formation of cytotoxic species. When NO is transformed into a nitrating or nitrosating species it can readily react with many other factors potentially modulating their biological activity. These NO-dependent interactions are central in the regulation of many processes affecting vascular and atherothrombotic disease. Previous studies have shown that NO reacts with both lipids and lipoproteins. The interaction of NO with oxidizing lipids can be either protective to the vasculature or enhance inflammatory-mediated vascular injury. In certain situations, low levels of NO generated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) can terminate lipid radical chain propagation reactions.1 Conversely, prooxidant reactions can occur after superoxide reacts with NO and leads to the formation of potent secondary oxidants, such as peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide, that can enhance inflammatory injury to vascular cells.2 Unsaturated lipids of membranes and lipoproteins can be critical targets of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, suggesting potential relevance for nitrogen-containing lipid products. When NO is transformed into a nitrating and nitrosating species, it has been shown to react with unsaturated lipids.3,4⇓ Recently, such nitrated lipids have been demonstrated to be formed in vivo.5 The oxidation product of NO, NO2, has been shown to react with arachidonic acid generating …

The regulation of NO(3) (-) assimilation by xylem flux of NO(3) (-) was studied in illuminated excised leaves of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Kingsoy). The supply of exogenous NO(3) (-) at various concentrations via the transpiration stream indicated that the xylem flux of NO(3) (-) was generally rate-limiting for NO(3) (-) reduction. However, NO(3) (-) assimilation rate was maintained within narrow limits as compared with the variations of the xylem flux of NO(3) (-). This was due to considerable remobilization and assimilation of previously stored endogenous NO(3) (-) at low exogenous NO(3) (-) delivery, and limitation of NO(3) (-) reduction at high xylem flux of NO(3) (-), leading to a significant accumulation of exogenous NO(3) (-). The supply of (15)NO(3) (-) to the leaves via the xylem confirmed the labile nature of the NO(3) (-) storage pool, since its half-time for exchange was close to 10 hours under steady state conditions. When the xylem flux of (15)NO(3) (-) increased, the proportion of the available NO(3) (-) which was reduced decreased similarly from nearly 100% to less than 50% for both endogenous (14)NO(3) (-) and exogenous (15)NO(3) (-). This supports the hypothesis that the assimilatory system does not distinguish between endogenous and exogenous NO(3) (-) and that the limitation of NO(3) (-) reduction affected equally the utilization of NO(3) (-) from both sources. It is proposed that, in the soybean leaf, the NO(3) (-) storage pool is particularly involved in the short-term control of NO(3) (-) reduction. The dynamics of this pool results in a buffering of NO(3) (-) reduction against the variations of the exogenous NO(3) (-) delivery.

In order to reduce the pollution of the environment, China has implemented a new ultra-low emission control regulations for polluting gas, requiring new coal-fired power plant emissions SO2 less than 30ppm, NO less than 75ppm, NO2 less than 50ppm, Monitoring low concentration of NO and SO2 mixed gases , DOAS technology facing new challenges, SO2 absorb significantly weaken at the original absorption peak, what more the SNR is very low, it is difficult to extract the characteristic signal, and thus cannot obtain its concentration. So it cannot separate the signal of NO from the mixed gas at the wavelength of 200~230nm through the law of spectral superposition, it cannot calculate the concentration of NO. The classical DOAS technology cannot meet the needs of monitoring. In this paper, we found another absorption spectrum segment of SO2, the SNR is 10 times higher than before, Will not be affected by NO, can calculate the concentration of SO2 accurately, A new method of segmentation and demagnetization separation technology of spectral signals is proposed, which achieves the monitoring the low concentration mixed gas accurately. This function cannot be achieved by the classical DOAS. Detection limit of this method is 0.1ppm per meter which is higher than before, The relative error below 5p when the concentration between 0∼5ppm, the concentration of NO between 6∼75ppm and SO2 between 6∼30ppm the relative error below 1.5p, it has made a great breakthrough In the low concentration of NO and SO2 monitoring. It has great scientific significance and reference value for the development of coal-fired power plant emission control, atmospheric environmental monitoring and high-precision on-line instrumentation.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the reduction of endogenous NO(3) (-), which had been taken up by plants in darkness, during the course of the subsequent light period. Vegetative, nonnodulated soybean plants (Glycine max [L]. Merrill, ;Ransom') were exposed to 1.0 millimolar (15)NO(3) (-) for 12 hours in darkness and then returned to a solution containing 1.0 millimolar (14)NO(3) (-) for the 12 hours ;chase' period in the light. Another set of plants was exposed to (15)NO(3) (-) during the light period to allow a direct comparison of contributions of substrate from the endogenous and exogenous sources. At the end of the (15)NO(3) (-) exposure in the dark, 70% of the absorbed (15)NO(3) (-) remained unreduced, and 83% of this unreduced NO(3) (-) was retained in roots. The pool of endogenous (15)NO(3) (-) in roots was depleted at a steady rate during the initial 9 hours of light and was utilized almost exclusively in the formation of insoluble reduced-N in leaves. Unlabeled endogenous NO(3) (-), which had accumulated in the root prior to the previous dark period, also was depleted in the light. When exogenous (15)NO(3) (-) was supplied during the light period, the rate of assimilation progressively increased, reflecting an increased rate of uptake and decreased accumulation of NO(3) (-) in the root tissue. The dark-absorbed endogenous NO(3) (-) in the root was the primary source of substrate for whole-plant NO(3) (-) reduction in the first 6 hours of the light period, and exogenous NO(3) (-) was the primary source of substrate thereafter. It is concluded that retention of NO(3) (-) in roots in darkness and its release in the following light period is an important whole-plant regulatory mechanism which serves to coordinate delivery of substrate with the maximal potential for NO(3) (-) assimilation in photosynthetic tissues.

The impact of sustained low external concentrations of NO 3 − (0, 10, 100 and 1000 mmol m−3) on plant growth and the relative acquisition of N through N2 fixation and NO 3 − uptake by established, nodulated white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) was studied over 28 days in flowing solution culture. Nitrogen fixation was measured by N difference and 15N dilution methods. Plants supplied with NO 3 − achieved higher relative growth rates (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaara% aaaa!3702!\[\bar x\]=0.091 d−1) compared with ‘control’ plants dependent on N2 fixation (0.073 d−1). Nitrate plants showed progressive increases in shoot: root d.w. ratios from 4 to 6.5–7.6 between days 0–28, compared with 5.1 on day 28 for control plants. Increases in both nodule d.w. and numbers per plant were inhibited after day seven at all concentrations of NO 3 − . The severity of inhibition of N2 fixation increased with increasing NO 3 − concentration and with time. The total amounts of N2 fixed per plant between days 0–7 after supplying 10, 100 and 1000 mmol m−3 NO 3 − , respectively, were 37–39, 28–30 and 0–13%, of the total N acquired. Between days 7–28 the proportional contributions of N2 fixation to total N acquisition declined to 3, 0.5 and 0%, respectively, in these treatments. The corresponding mean specific rates of N2 fixation between days 0–7 were, respectively, 5.4, 3.2, and 2.0 mmol N d−1 g−1 nodule d.w., compared with 7.9 mmol N d−1 g−1 nodule d.w. for zero NO 3 − plants. There was no evidence of a transitory increase in N2 fixation following the addition of NO 3 − , even at the lowest supply concentration.

Progress and prospects of photocatalytic conversion of low-concentration NOx

BackgroundNitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from L-arginine by a family of enzymes known as nitric oxide synthases. Low concentrations of NO is essential in biology and physiology of spermatozoa, but high amounts of NO is toxic and has negative effects on sperm functions. Moreover, sperm membrane contains high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are highly susceptible to oxidative damage that interferes with fertilization ability. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between levels of sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO with sperm motility in male smokers.MethodsSemen samples were collected from normozoospermic smoker (n=64) and nonsmoker (n=83) men. The content of sperm lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA). The sperm NO were also measured using Griess reagent. Data was analyzed by SPSS, (version 15.0), using independent t-test and Pearson analysis.ResultsThe mean MDA and NO concentrations in the sperm of normozoospermic male smokers were significantly higher than the control group or normozoospermic nonsmokers, (p <0.001). A significant negative relationship was noted between sperm motility and sperm MDA levels (r=−0.32, p=0.01); and sperm motility and sperm NO concentration (for nitrite, r=−0.34, p=0.006 and for nitrate, r=−0.38, p=0.002).ConclusionIt was concluded that the increase in MDA and NO production in sperm can influence sperm motility in normozoospermic smokers. Therefore, it seems that cigarette smoking may affect the fertility of male smokers via increasing the amount of sperm MDA/lipid peroxidation and NO concentrations.

Topically applied opioids promote angiogenesis and healing of ischemic wounds in rats. We examined if topical fentanyl stimulates wound healing in diabetic rats by stimulating growth-promoting signaling, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and nerve regeneration. We used Zucker diabetic fatty rats that develop obesity and diabetes on a high fat diet due to a mutation in the Leptin receptor. Fentanyl blended with hydrocream was applied topically on ischemic wounds twice daily, and wound closure was analyzed regularly. Wound histology was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, nerve fibers and phospho-platelet derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) were visualized by CD31-, lymphatic vessel endothelium-1, protein gene product 9.5- and anti-phospho PDGFR-β-immunoreactivity, respectively. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and PDGFR-β signaling were analyzed using Western immunoblotting. Fentanyl significantly promoted wound closure as compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Histology scores were significantly higher in fentanyl-treated wounds, indicative of increased granulation tissue formation, reduced edema and inflammation, and increased matrix deposition. Fentanyl treatment resulted in increased wound angiogenesis, lymphatic vasculature, nerve fibers, nitric oxide, NOS and PDGFR-β signaling as compared to PBS. Phospho-PDGFR-β co-localized with CD31 co-staining for vasculature. Topically applied fentanyl promotes closure of ischemic wounds in diabetic rats. Increased angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, peripheral nerve regeneration, NO and PDGFR-β signaling are associated with fentanyl-induced tissue remodeling and wound healing.

Introduction Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is present in high concentrations in the breath of asthma patients with type 2 airway inflammation. In addition, FeNO concentration varies with asthma symptoms and treatments. The cutoff point for FeNO in adults with asthma is 20 - 25 ppb, and > 50 ppb is considered severe inflammation [1]. FeNO measurement is used worldwide for clinical examination of asthma [1-2]. However, FeNO measurement is limited to specific medical institutions. Therefore, patients need to return to the institution for exhaled breath analysis of FeNO concentration.We have developed an analytical chip—based on porous glass—for a simplified NO analysis [3-4]. This chip can detect ~ 19 ppb of FeNO in adults; ppb-level sensitivity is achieved by collecting exhaled breath in a sampling bag. However, the detection took several hours. In this study, low NO concentration was detected in tens of minutes by combining a porous glass analytical chip with a small sampling pump. We believe this method will enable at-home FeNO measurement. Method Preparation of porous glass analytical chip All chemical reagents were purchased from Tokyo-Kasei Co. (Japan) and FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Japan). The substrate of the analytical chip was a porous glass (Vycor #7930, Corning Co.) with a size of 8 mm × 8 mm × 1 mm, a specific surface area of 200 m2g-1, and an average pore size of 4 nm. The NO/NO2 conversion and NO2 analytical chips were prepared using our previously reported method [4]. Three different NO/NO2 conversion chips were prepared by immersing the porous glass in a 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl (PTIO) ethanol solution (3.3 × 10–3, 33 × 10–3, and 160 × 10–3 mol L- 1), followed by drying. The NO2 analytical chip was prepared by immersing the porous glass in an alcohol solution of 2.5 × 10–3 mol L- 1 N, N-dimethyl-1-naphthyl-amine, and 2.0 × 10–2 mol L- 1 sulfanilamide and then drying it. Exposure to the NO atmosphere The exposure experiment was carried out by placing a NO/NO2 conversion chip and a NO2 analytical chip adjacent to each other in the chip holder. Using a small sampling pump (MP-∑30NII, SIBATA SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY LTD., Japan), the NO atmosphere flowed through the two chips for 20 min at 0.05 L min- 1 (Fig. 1). The NO atmosphere (30, 75, 145, and 200 ppb) was prepared by mixing 100 ppm NO/NO2 gas with nitrogen gas in a Tedlar® bag. The relative humidity of the NO atmosphere was adjusted to 40% by vaporizing deionized water (235 - 280 mL) injected into the Tedlar® bag. The absorbance of the chips was measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (U-4100, HITACHI, Japan). The NO and NO2 concentrations in the NO atmosphere before and after passing through the chips were measured via a NO-NO2-NOx analyzer (42C, Nippon Thermo Co. Ltd., Japan). Results and Conclusions The NO/NO2 conversion efficiencies of the three prepared conversion chips (3.3 × 10–3, 33 × 10–3, and 160 × 10–3 mol L- 1) were 11%, 31%, and 61%, respectively. Increasing the PTIO content in the conversion chip improved the NO/NO2 conversion efficiency. Therefore, a low NO concentration measurement in an active system was evaluated using a conversion chip with an efficiency of 61%. Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the change in absorbance at 525 nm of the NO2 analytical chip and the initial NO concentration. The absorbance of the NO2 analytical chip at 525 nm increased due to the azo dye produced by the chemical reaction between NO2 and the detection reagents [4], and there was a positive linear relationship between the change in absorbance of the NO2 chip and NO concentration at 525 nm. Therefore, the formula for NO concentration measured at a flow rate of 0.05 L min- 1 for 20 min is as follows:[NO]0 = 4760 × ΔAbs525 where is the NO concentration (ppb) in the atmosphere, and is the change in absorbance at 525 nm of the NO2 analytical chip before and after exposure. This result suggests that FeNO can be measured in 20 min by using the analytical chip with an active method. References A. Hanania, M. Massanari, N. Jain, Measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in real-word clinical practice alters asthma treatment decisions, Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.120 (2018) 414-418. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.01.031.W. Pijnenburg, The Role of FeNO in Predicting Asthma, Front. Pediatr. 7 (2019) 1-5. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00041.Asanuma, S. Hino, Y. Y. Maruo, Development of an analytical chip for nitrogen monoxide detection using porous glass impregnated with 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl, Microchem. J. 151 (2019) 104251. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104251.Asanuma, K. Numata, Y. Y. Maruo, A colorimetric method for the measurement of ppb-level NO in exhaled air using porous glass analytical chip, Sensors and Actuators Reports 2 (2020) 100019. doi: 10.1016/j.snr.2020.100019. Figure 1

This article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University). This study examined key biographical information about department heads and achievements of teams at various historical stages. Currently, the department follows the educational policies of Sechenov University up to 2030. New educational programs in Russian and English are created for students. New teaching methodologies are implemented, talented students are engaged in student research on infectious diseases, interdisciplinary Olympiads are held, and conditions are formed to enhance student involvement in research and development activities to prepare competitive professionals with new professional competencies (research, interdisciplinary, and digital), capable of advancing science and new technologies.

The effect of the exogenous and endogenous NO(3) (-) concentration on net uptake, influx, and efflux of NO(3) (-) and on nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in roots was studied in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Witte Krombek. After exposure to NO(3) (-), an apparent induction period of about 6 hours occurred regardless of the exogenous NO(3) (-) level. A double reciprocal plot of the net uptake rate of induced plants versus exogenous NO(3) (-) concentration yielded four distinct phases, each with simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and separated by sharp breaks at about 45, 80, and 480 micromoles per cubic decimeter.Influx was estimated as the accumulation of (15)N after 1 hour exposure to (15)NO(3) (-). The isotherms for influx and net uptake were similar and corresponded to those for alkali cations and Cl(-). Efflux of NO(3) (-) was a constant proportion of net uptake during initial NO(3) (-) supply and increased with exogenous NO(3) (-) concentration. No efflux occurred to a NO(3) (-)-free medium.The net uptake rate was negatively correlated with the NO(3) (-) content of roots. Nitrate efflux, but not influx, was influenced by endogenous NO(3) (-). Variations between experiments, e.g. in NO(3) (-) status, affected the values of K(m) and V(max) in the various concentration phases. The concentrations at which phase transitions occurred, however, were constant both for influx and net uptake. The findings corroborate the contention that separate sites are responsible for uptake and transitions between phases.Beyond 100 micromoles per cubic decimeter, root NRA was not affected by exogenous NO(3) (-) indicating that NO(3) (-) uptake was not coupled to root NRA, at least not at high concentrations.