Revealing forgotten landscape identities: the healing waters of Essex and their spa landscapes

The research dives into similarities between historical events in the early twentieth and twenty-first centuries, drawing connections to Borys Hrinchenko’s inspirations which resonate with contemporary efforts in resisting russian occupation, emphasizing the struggle for Ukrainian independence, identity, and freedom through primarily ideological, cultural, national, and linguistic means. The article highlights the leading pedagogical ideas of the scientific and journalistic heritage of Borys Hrinchenko, a prominent Ukrainian linguist, writer, poet, playwright, publicist, critic, ethnographer, educator, and public figure of the late nineteenth – early twentieth centuries. The author focuses on various aspects of the scientist’s contributions, including ethnographic research and methodological systematization of Ukrainian folk art, social endeavors aimed at common societal objectives, educational perspectives, and pedagogical intentions. Additionally, the emphasis is on humanizing personal and social interactions among individuals through the promotion of universal moral ideals and spiritual values, among other aspects. The article provides characteristics of educational concepts related to the national upbringing of Ukrainian youth within Borys Hrinchenko’s scientific and journalistic heritage. It outlines the pedagogical discussions on intergenerational transmission in the realm of Ukrainian studies during the specified period. The author attempts to reinterpret the eminent thinker’s persona in intrinsic harmony with well-known figures from the intellectual elite of that era. Significant attention is devoted to the alignment of creative concepts between Borys Hrinchenko and Ivan Franko. The article highlights Kamenyar’s extensive praise for Hrinchenko, mentioning his resilience challenging criticism, often hostile, and his consistent profound love for Ukraine and “sincere democracy” in all his writings. Specific examples are presented to illustrate Hrinchenko’s aimed critique of Khrystyna Alchevska’s idleness, particularly in the context of russifying Ukrainian schools and publishing her books in russian. The research offers an entirely different interpretation of the critical perspective on certain intellectuals’ scientific and literary works from the relevant period. This perspective was aimed at the promotion of Ukrainian studies and national education. The article explores certain aspects of Hrinchenko’s role as a teacher in a rural school, drawing from historical and scholarly references. It emphasizes the strong connection between two generations of the Ukrainian national movement – Borys Hrinchenko and Dmytro Doroshenko – by analyzing their common efforts. The author highlights their effective collaboration in developing the Ukrainian independent press, public engagement, educational initiatives, and shaping the Ukrainian people’s national consciousness and identity.

By combining digital humanities text-mining tools and a qualitative approach, we examine changing concepts in forestry journals in Sweden and the United States (US) in the early twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Our first hypothesis is that foresters at the beginning of the twentieth century were more concerned with production and less concerned with ecology than foresters at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Our second hypothesis is that US foresters in the early twentieth century were less concerned with local site conditions than Swedish foresters. We find that early foresters in both countries had broader—and often ecologically focused—concerns than hypothesized. Ecological concerns in the forestry literature have increased, but in the Nordic countries, production concerns have increased as well. In both regions and both time periods, timber management is closely connected to concerns about governance and state power, but the forms that governance takes have changed.

Edith Wharton and the Modern Privileges of Age

Sámi Literature in Norwegian Language Arts Textbooks

Older adults with cognitive impairment, and particularly those with dementia, often rely on informal caregivers like friends or family members. However, the number of dementia patients with limited social or familial support is growing. Research suggests that living alone with cognitive impairment could lead to poorer health and wellbeing outcomes. But, the specific needs of this population are less understood. This qualitative review seeks to summarize the experiences of people living alone with cognitive impairment. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and SocIndex in February 2024. Articles were screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Data from the included studies were synthesized using thematic synthesis. Fifteen studies are included in this review. We identified four themes: (1) coping with uncertainty, (2) loss of connection, (3) decreasing mobility, and (4) a changing sense of self. Participants described the distress, relief, and selective ignoring of receiving an irreversible diagnosis. They reported persistent feelings of loneliness, mainly pertaining to boredom, loss of loved ones, or physical isolation. Perspectives on the future varied, but most participants recognized their growing care needs and dreaded the inevitable move to a nursing home. People with cognitive impairment living alone experience significant isolation, loneliness, and a loss of identity as their condition deteriorates. The lack of in-home support systems exacerbates these challenges, leaving individuals vulnerable to physical harm and inadequate treatment. Further research and health policy should focus on providing social support and individualized care.

Reconstructing the City, Constructing the State: Government in Valparaíso after the Earthquake of 1906

The early twentieth century was an era of rapid and drastic transformations in Chinese history mainly because of the serious survival crisis that China was experiencing, and the Chinese villagers, who formed the great majority of China’s population at that time, actively participated in such transformations. They were the ones who launched the unsuccessful Boxer Rebellion at the very beginning of the twentieth century, and they also formed the core force that brought the Communist revolution to its triumph in 1949. Villagers acted either spontaneously or at the instigation of groups of reformers and revolutionaries, most of whom were of rural origins but had received education and accepted new ideas in urban centers. Throughout the early twentieth century, village China became the setting of all kinds of reformist and revolutionary movements aimed at bringing about multifaceted changes to China in general and rural China in particular. The size of the rural population, the significant influence the Chinese villages had had on the Chinese traditional culture, as well as the important roles the villages and villagers played in the modern transformations of China, are among the factors that have made the Chinese village society in the early twentieth century a subject of a large number of political, academic, and literary writings during and after the first half of the twentieth century. Those writings focus on many different topics, including the nature, structure, and culture of the village society; the performance of China’s rural economy; the relations between the villages and the cities; the relations between the intellectuals and the peasants; and the villagers as bandits, rebels, reformers, and revolutionaries. The authors of these writings were political leaders, scholars, novelists, and others, and they wrote for different purposes. Generally speaking, most of those who wrote about the villagers and villages during the early twentieth century were motivated by an intense desire to present justifications for the reformist or revolutionary agenda they were advocating, whereas those who wrote after the early twentieth century have shown a stronger interest in seeking interpretations than providing justifications. This bibliography includes not only academic studies of the Chinese village society of the early twentieth century, but also representative political and journalistic writings that are essential for understanding the major aspects and dynamic changes of village China in the early twentieth century.

Political ideology at the end of the nineteenth century in the early twentieth century in Vietnam has contributed significantly to creating a special change in the thinking of the Vietnamese nation. The basic content in the political ideology at the end of the nineteenth century in the early twentieth century in Vietnam was shown in a rich, diverse and profound way in many different aspects, but the most general focused on questioning. It is important to strengthen national self -enhancement, raise the people's intellect, foster the people's strength, spread democratic and civil rights. The proper awareness and evaluation of economic and political and social conditions in Vietnam at the end of the nineteenth century of the early twentieth century with the formation of political ideology in the late nineteenth century XX in Vietnam is essential, making an important contribution to better understanding of the political thought content of thoughts in Vietnamese history. The article is to analyze and clarify economic and political and social conditions in Vietnam at the end of the nineteenth century of the early twentieth century with the formation of political thought in the late nineteenth century in the early twentieth century in Vietnam Male. The article is structured with 3 parts: (1), economic conditions at the end of the nineteenth century in the early twentieth century with the formation of political thought in the late nineteenth century in the early twentieth century in Vietnam; (2), Socio -political conditions at the end of the nineteenth century in the early twentieth century with the formation of political ideology in the late nineteenth century in the early twentieth century in Vietnam; (3) Some comments are drawn.

The aim of the article is to highlight and analyse the specific nature of the national genre-style repertoire of the Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater and to give reasons for its role in preserving traditions of the Ukrainian nation in the last third of the 19th — the early twentieth century. Research Methodology consists in the application of historical and cultural, comparative, art-historical methods that enabled to analyse the specific nature of the national genre-style repertoire of the Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater in the context of the sociosphere of the national culture. Results. Outstanding theatre artists namely M. Kropyvnytskyi, I. Karpenko-Karyi, M. Starytskyi, M. Sadovskyi, P. Saksahanskyi, M. Zankovetska tried to realize social, nation-creating, ethnic-preserving and consolidating function of the theatrical art, despite persecution, state and censorship oppression. The artists saw the purpose of their activity in withdrawal of Ukrainian theatre culture from the colonial status to the European way of development, strengthening national style in their own creative work, popularization of Ukrainian artistic heritage among the general public. The national specific nature became a strong foundation for artistic and aesthetic system of the Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater, based on which the national repertoire, artistic form of the musical drama plays, principles of performance, stage design and directing, character of scenery, costumes, choreography design of performances gradually formed. The founders of the Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater believed that it was the repertoire that formed the performing culture, developed professional skills, and revealed the artistic talent. The original Ukrainian repertoire had a bright ethnographic and everyday orientation, reflected the national psychological type of Ukrainians, promoted their ceremonies and traditions and was understandable and very popular with the general multi-ethnic public. The repertoire of the Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater performed a function of a powerful ethnic-consolidating factor that contributed to the preservation of the cultural traditions of the Ukrainian nation, the recognition of its own national and cultural identity and proved the creative relationship of Ukrainian theatre culture with European culture. Novelty. The author carries out a systematic analysis of the specific nature of the national genre-style repertoire of the Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater and gives reasons for its role in preserving the traditions of the Ukrainian nation in the last third of the 19th — the early twentieth century. The position and role the Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater are identified. The practical significance. The obtained scientific results can be used in the course of further research of culture and art processes of the last third of the 19th — the early twentieth century. The study will contribute to a broader understanding of the national music and theatre culture, the dynamic involvement of Ukrainian art culture to the world artistic process.

Resolving the integral connection between pedogenesis and landscape evolution

The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., (SKB), pursues site investigations for the final repository for spent nuclear fuel at two sites in the south eastern part of Sweden, the Forsmark- and the Laxemar site (figure 1). Data from the two site investigations are used to build site descriptive models of the areas. These models describe the bedrock and surface system properties important for designing the repository, the environmental impact assessment, and the long-term safety, i.e. up to 100,000 years, in a safety assessment. In this paper we discuss the methodology, and the interim results for, the landscape model, used in the safety assessment to populate the Forsmark site in the numerical dose models. The landscape model is built upon ecosystem types, e.g. a lake or a mire, (Biosphere Objects) that are connected in the landscape via surface hydrology. Each of the objects have a unique set of properties derived from the site description. The objects are identified by flow transport modeling, giving discharge points at the surface for all possible flow paths from the hypothetical repository in the bedrock. The landscape development is followed through time by using long-term processes e.g. shoreline displacement and sedimentation. The final landscape model consists of a number of maps for each chosen time period and a table of properties that describe the individual objects which constitutes the landscape. The results show a landscape that change over time during 20,000 years. The time period used in the model equals the present interglacial and can be used as an analogue for a future interglacial. Historically, the model area was covered by sea, and then gradually changes into a coastal area and, in the future, into a terrestrial inland landscape. Different ecosystem types are present during the landscape development, e.g. sea, lakes, agricultural areas, forest and wetlands (mire). The biosphere objects may switch from one ecosystem type to another during the modeled time period, from sea to lake, and from lake to mire and finally, some objects are transformed into agricultural area due to favorable farming characteristics.

Taking into consideration the different situations observed in the field, this chapter proposes a model of evolution of the Patagonian volcanic landscape developed from the outcrop of basaltic flows. The different geomorphological processes that act upon the evolution of these landscapes are exposed, particularly fluvial erosion and mass movement processes, and the factors that contribute to the modification or interruption of the evolutionary sequence proposed. The term “landscape of lobes and hummocks” is proposed for the final evolutionary stage of these landscapes. The rate of relative elevation of the basaltic mesetas is also estimated.

In the second chapter are introduced the cultural issues of the book, in order to understand what are the reasons of the centrality of the landscape in the Italian context. A completed analysis of the literature on the evolution of this theme is structured to bring out the relationship between landscape and urban planning and thus marking what we can consider as “critical issues” and the emerging trends in the debate on the subject. On the one hand, the chapter is articulated into a consideration of the evolution of the planning practices in the twentieth century, following a precise periodization: the early twentieth century; from the WWII to the late ’80s; the landscape planning in new millennium. On the other, it consider the cultural context of the same periods, emphasizing the contribution of other disciplines such as geography, history, aesthetics, and the differences between Anglo-American and European cultures, in particular by highlighting the effects deriving from different planning systems and interpretations.

Understanding how habitat fragmentation affects population processes (e.g. dispersal) at different spatial scales is of critical importance to conservation. We assessed the effects of habitat fragmentation on dispersal and regional and fine-scale population structure in a currently widespread and common cooperatively breeding bird species found across south-eastern Australia, the superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus. Despite its relative abundance and classification as an urban tolerant species, the superb fairy-wren has declined disproportionately from low tree-cover agricultural landscapes across the Box-Ironbark region of north-central Victoria, Australia. Loss of genetic connectivity and disruption to its complex social system may be associated with the decline of this species from apparently suitable habitat in landscapes with low levels of tree cover. To assess whether reduced structural connectivity has had negative consequences for genetic connectivity in the superb fairy-wren, we used a landscape-scale approach to compare patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow at large (landscape/regional) and fine (site-level) spatial scales. In addition, using genetic distances, for each sex, we tested landscape models of decreased dispersal through treeless areas (isolation-by-resistance) while controlling for the effect of isolation-by-distance. Landscape models indicated that larger-scale gene flow across the Box-Ironbark region was constrained by distance rather than by lack of structural connectivity. Nonetheless, a pattern of isolation-by-resistance for males (the less-dispersive sex) and lower genetic diversity and higher genetic similarity within sites in low-cover fragmented landscapes indicated disruption to fine-scale gene flow mechanisms and/or mating systems. Although loss of structural connectivity did not appear to impede gene flow at larger spatial scales, fragmentation appeared to affect fine-scale population processes (e.g. local gene flow mechanisms and/or mating systems) adversely and may contribute to the decline of superb fairy-wrens in fragmented landscapes in the Box-Ironbark region.

This article highlights and examines two types of portrait genre: portrait with a pet and portrait of a pet with reference to the Russian painting of the eighteenth — early twentieth centuries. So far, works of this kind have not been considered as specific iconographic groups, the ways of their development have not been traced, and their undoubted connection and mutual influence has not been noted. Meanwhile, it seems to be an important case for studying the animalistic genre. The article analyzes the image of a pet, its interpretations, and characteristics in portrait and animalistic painting. The purpose of this article is to trace the evolution of the depiction of pets. This article reflects the initial stage of research on this topic and to a considerable extent, only indicates some problems for further study. Methodologically, the author mostly employs systematic, iconographic, formal, and stylistic analyses of works of Russian painting from museum collections. As a result, the researcher determines the main characteristics of the portrait with a pet and portrait of a pet. The article demonstrates that in the nineteenth — early twentieth centuries, from a more static and conditional “touching” elements in the portrait with models, the images of animals become real characters endowed with certain characteristics involved in emotional interaction with their owner. Similarly, the same was observed in the animalistic portrait of a pet: from a ceremonial picture, iconographically close to secular portraits, where the main goal is to capture the appearance of a pet, in the late nineteenth — early twentieth centuries, there appeared more empathy and psychologism in the interpretation of the image of a pet. It is noteworthy that by the early twentieth century, portraits with pets were created more and more often, and the “distance” between the person and the animal was significantly reduced. At the same time, the portrait of the pet itself was in less demand and transformed into the animalistic genre as it is.