Abstract
Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is considered one of the promising future building material due to its excellent performance. However, it is important to note that the production of quartz sand, the fine aggregate of traditional UHPC, causes several environmental issues, including dust and noise pollution. In addition, excessive use of river sand as a raw material causes a sharp decrease in reserves. Thus, using river sand to prepare UHPC is not a sustainable method. Considering all these undesired impacts, it becomes a necessity for UHPC to meet the increasing demands of environmental sustainability. Another major issue confronting the world is waste disposal. Numerous studies show the feasibility of using industrial by-products, municipal solid waste, and recycled materials as fine aggregates for UHPC. The current work focuses on developing environmentally friendly UHPC using waste instead of quartz sand or river sand. The macroscopic (workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus and shrinkage), microstructural (pore structure, interfacial transition zone), and durability properties of eco-friendly UHPC were comprehensively reviewed. This paper aims to promote the utilization of waste to produce sustainable UHPC and the large-scale use of UHPC worldwide. This development will significantly reduce waste in landfill and decrease the environmental burden of conventional UHPC.
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