Rethinking Thailand’s energy future: strategies for sustainable renewable solutions using the hybrid optimisation of multiple energy resources (HOMER) modelling approach

As global energy demand and warming increase, there is a need to transition to sustainable and renewable energy sources. Integrating different systems to create a hybrid renewable system enhances the overall adoption and deployment of renewable energy resources. Given the intermittent nature of solar and wind, energy storage systems are combined with these renewable energy sources, to optimize the quantity of clean energy used. Thus, various optimization strategies have been developed for the integration and operation of these hybrid renewable energy systems. Existing studies have either reviewed hybrid renewable energy systems or energy storage systems, however, these studies ignored energy storage systems integrated with hybrid renewable energy systems. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the optimization methods used in hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) integrated with energy storage systems (ESS). We examined the optimization models used in the integration of HRES and ESS, their objectives, and the common constraints. Based on our review, capacity and CO2 emissions constraints were frequently used in hybrid optimization techniques that are effective approaches for integrating HRES and ESS. This research supports the move towards sustainable, clean energy solutions by combining an analysis of energy storage techniques with the optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems.

Energy management strategies in hybrid renewable energy systems: A review

Design of reliable standalone utility-scale pumped hydroelectric storage powered by PV/Wind hybrid renewable system

Chapter 30 - Optimal design and techno-socio-economic analysis of hybrid renewable system for gird-connected system

A review on planning, configurations, modeling and optimization techniques of hybrid renewable energy systems for off grid applications

Renewable energy sources (RES) are an inevitable environmental option in near future. These sources compete with conventional power generation, where good wind and solar resources are available. Hybrid renewable energy systems improve the economic and environmental aspects of renewable resources to meet energy demand. This paper aims to propose a multi-objective model to size a hybrid renewable system optimally. The system consists of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, batteries, and a diesel generator as support for the system. This multi-objective optimization problem is solved using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) method, resulting in the number of system components that will maximize the renewable energy efficiency while minimizing net present cost and CO2 emission. Results are compared to another multi-objective optimization algorithm, Epsilon-constraint. The comparison shows the feasibility of our suggested method for the problem. A residential building complex is then chosen in Khansar, Iran, to apply the proposed model and optimally size the hybrid renewable energy system. Results show that under the chosen climate and the building parameters, the renewable energy efficiency of nearly 80% is achievable which is satisfactory. Furthermore, the results show the undeniable impact of using renewable resources on reducing the pollutants’ emission and their related external costs.

A hybrid power system may be used to reduce dependency on either conventional energy or renewable systems. This article deals with the sizing, generator running hours, sensitivity analysis, optimisation, and greenhouse gas emission analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). Two locations have been selected where the feasibility of using different hybrid systems is studied for the same load demand. One site is the small remote community of Amini in the Lakshadweep Islands, located in southern India in the Arabian Sea, where solar and/or wind energy is always available throughout the year to provide energy security. Another place is the rural township of Hathras, in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, where agricultural biomass is found in abundance for the whole year. A comparative study has been made for the two locations for the same load demand by simulating HRES. To achieve the goal of simulation, the hybrid optimisation model for electric renewables (HOMER) software of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA, is used. An optimisation model of a hybrid renewable system has been prepared which simplifies the task of evaluating the design of an off-grid/standalone system. After simulating all possible system equipment with their sizes, a list of many possible configurations may be evaluated and sorted by net present cost to compare the design options. An elaborate sensitivity analysis has been used for each input variable; the whole optimisation process is repeated to get simulated system configurations

Concept of renewable hybrid energy systems have attracted many utilities and implemented by them too. With such energy systems, customers are not only supplied more economically but also more reliably. Moreover, optimal placements of energy storage systems (ESSs) increase the reliability of such hybrid renewable system up to a great extent. Therefore, this paper presents a new approach for optimal placement and sizing of energy storage systems (ESSs) in hybrid renewable radial distribution system to improve the reliability of such system without violating the system constraints. The cost of energy not supplied (CENS) associated with power service interruption and power shortage is also been considered in the objective function during placement of ESSs. Hence, the proposed optimal placement planning of ESSs is presented with an aim of minimizing the objective function includes cost of energy not supplied (CENS), investment cost and operational cost of ESSs, and power loss in distribution system. It is to be noted that the Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is adopted to minimize the objective function. The presented methodology is demonstrated by considering several case studies on 11 kV, 30 bus radial distribution system. Further, a rigorous sensitivity analysis is performed by limiting the number of applied ESSs and varying the maximum capacity of participating ESSs.

In a hybrid renewable system, a conventional boost converter produces more losses at the time of the energy conversion process due to this, the performance of the hybrid system is reduced total harmonic distortion is increased, and the hybrid microgrid outcome is reduced. The main objective of the work enhancing the low DC voltage produced by the PV panel, a high gain Boost converter is utilized. The objectives of the work were achieved by a High Gain Modified Z-source Boost converter along with Modified Particle Swarm Optimized- Proportional Integral (MPSO-PI) controller employed in the energy conversion stage at Grid. It reduced power conversion stages and decreases the losses compared to existing Hybrid Grid-connected systems. A new 13-bus system is developed in this work for regulating the output voltage in distribution networks. The significance of our work lies in the design of an efficient microgrid system for grid-tied applications. High Gain Modified Z-source Boost converter along with Modified Particle Swarm Optimized- Proportional Integral (MPSO-PI) controller is employed to boost the voltage obtained from the PV system. A battery converter along with a bidirectional battery is connected to the DC link, to store energy generated by Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) in excess amounts. The obtained DC link voltage is transferred to Three Phase VSI for the conversion of DC to AC voltage. Effective harmonic reduction is attained with the aid of an LC filter coupled to Three Phase grid, and the PI controller connected to Voltage Source Inverter(VSI) supports achieving effective grid synchronization. The proposed work was tested with 13 bus system through MATLAB Simulink.

Nano-enhanced thermal energy storage coupled to a hybrid renewable system for a high-rise zero emission building

Renewable energy hybrid systems generate electricity by multiple sources of energy and can be used in replacement of fossil fuels for many applications. Like most economic sectors, sanitation systems can benefit from the use of these renewable energy hybrid systems for the expansion of their activities. In this research topic, a renewable energy hybrid system is designed to supply energy to a pumping station in the city of Santa Rosa, RS, Brazil. For this aim, three cases are proposed and simulated in the software HOMER to obtain the optimal solution with the lower cost: a) wind-photovoltaic-diesel connected to the grid; b) wind-photovoltaic-diesel isolated; and c) wind-photovoltaic iso-lated. All three hybrid systems are viable and can supply energy for the pumping station, but their costs are still high. Govern-ment incentive programs, development of new technologies and penalties for the emission of pollutant gases can make these re-newable energy hybrid systems become even more competitive. A consumption of 1.5 kW for pumping of sewage, according to the results obtained, can be attended with three combinations: a grid-connected diesel photovoltaic system, an isolated diesel photovoltaic wind system and an isolated photovoltaic wind system. These systems would have a total net present cost of US$ 47,867, US$ 85,381 and US$ 118,753, respectively, with energy costs equal to US $ 0.291 per kWh, US $ 0.581 per kWh and US $ 0.721 per kWh respectively. The cheapest combination of these three includes a 7.5 kW wind turbine and a 1 kW diesel system.

<p class="15">This study describes the best hybrid energy system in terms of emissions, cost, and other factors. All the computations performed by HOMER Pro. A standalone hybrid power system model is suggested in this study. The suggested concept combines diesel generation with PV and Wind energy sources. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) provided the data for simulation in HOMER to determine system performance. To reduce dependency on either conventional energy or renewable energy sources, a hybrid renewable energy system may be employed. Studies have shown that the suggested approach and the optimization technique for sizing standalone hybrid power systems both settle really well. The study aim is to optimize the size and expense of a renewable energy system at the chosen location in order to satisfy the electrical demand. The evaluation of the hybrid systems is based on the net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of energy (COE), initial cost, operating cost, and renewable fraction. The results support the use of RES at the chosen location, with the PV-Wind-Diesel generator system emerging as the most cost-effective RES with a COE of 0.2424 $/kWh. The outcomes are in favor of using a hybrid renewable system.</p>

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a hybrid renewable-energy system. The sizing, availability, and contribution of solar photovoltaic, wind energy and hydro energy can be simulated to determine the viability, stability, and cost effectiveness of such systems. The model allows the user to enter site specific data (hourly, daily, monthly, and annually) such as solar radiation, wind speed and precipitation. Users can select the type and size of wind turbine, hydroelectric turbine, photovoltaic panel and the electrical load placed on the hybrid renewable system. The simulation will determine the total power that can be produced on an hourly, daily, monthly and annual basis, the optimum combination of renewable energies, and usage/storage of each type of renewable energies, given the specified system and the collected data. With the help of HyRES, the model, one can determine which hybrid renewable energy system would best suit a specific site, and also help to determine which type of wind turbine, hydroelectric turbine, or photovoltaic panels would best complement each other for that site.

In order to address climate change and to create new energy industries, Korea has been actively developing and deploying new and renewable energy (NRE) technologies. According to the second national basic plan for energy, 11% of total energy and 13.4% of total electric energy will be provided by NRE. 20% of NRE will be generated from wind power and 14% will be supplied by solar power plants. To promote the distribution of NRE, the Korean Government introduced subsidy programs and regulatory methods which include a FIT (feed-in-tariff) by 2011 and a RPS (renewable portfolio standard) from 2012, which forces major power companies to increase supply from NRE sources from 2% (at the beginning of 2012) to 10% of total power generation by 2022. After adopting the RPS, the deployment of NRE has increased dramatically. In April 2016, the total generation capacity of NRE was 9.2% of the total domestic electric generation, 102.5 GW. About half of this generation is from renewable energy resources. By the end of 2015, the installed capacities of PV, wind power and fuel cells were 2,537MW, 804.85MW, and 252MW, respectively. These figures are significantly larger from what they were under the FIT scheme in 2011: 554 MW, 405.345MW, and 50MW, respectively. During the same period, 2,200 units of residential fuel cell systems were installed under the green home program. National policies have played an important role in RD&D of NRE. After enacting the ”Promotion Act for the Development of Alternative Energy” in 1987, the Korean Government has been pushing RD&D of NRE. PV, wind power and fuel cells were identified as 3 of the highest priority core technologies. The Korean Government newly announced the action plans to meet the policy objectives for addressing climate change, comprising 6 core technologies to be developed as national growth engines: PVs, fuel cells, ESS, biofuels, power IT, and CCS technologies. Those technologies will contribute to create new energy markets, such as eco-friendly towns, self-sufficient islands, and zero energy buildings. To meet the objectives of national energy plans by improving and expanding advanced energy technologies, KIER has established 6 major R&D areas: including distributed generation through new and renewable energy, energy networks, and next generation batteries. As clean distributed generation technologies, KIER has been developing 50 to 100 μm ultra-thin silicon solar cells (KUT cell), 25% efficient CIGS thin-film solar cells, and hydrogen fuel cell technologies. KIER developed fuel cell-battery hybrid vehicles and residential fuel cell systems. KIER is trying to develop the core technologies for off-shore wind farms at Jeju’s global research center, where convergence R&D is being conducted for carbon-free islands on areas such as marine bio-energy, salinity gradient power, and floating off-shore wind power. To promote NRE distribution, KIER has been developing micro energy grid technologies and various energy storage systems, such as large capacity redox flow batteries, supercapacitors, and Li-S batteries. For about 20 years, KIER has been developing and demonstrating near zero energy building technologies using passive and active solar design. In 2009, through the test of the second model of low energy houses, 85% of total energy savings, including electric and thermal energy, was achieved. In 2013, KIER successfully applied the technology to 29 actual homes. From 2014, KIER has been designing an eco-friendly energy town at the Innovation City in Chungbuk Province as one of 3 Korean Government-sponsored demonstration projects. The government wanted to solve not only energy and environment problems, but also NIMBY problems to change NIMBY facilities to eco-friendly generation facilities using renewable energy technologies. One of the projects is to build an eco-friendly campus at a sewage treatment facility near a small town using renewable energy hybrid systems, such as solar thermal systems with seasonal energy storage systems, PVs, and fuel cells. The advanced energy technologies developed by KIER will contribute to Korea’s national policy of expanding renewable energy technologies to 11% of primary energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 37%.

Study of the different structures of hybrid systems in renewable energies: A review