Rethinking Crime, Harm, and Corporate Responsibility: Lessons from the Post Office Scandal

The existing literature on terrorism focuses on the “rally-around-the-flag-effect” – a relatively short-term phenomenon. The non-immediate effects of terrorist attacks on trust in institutions, however, remain largely unexplored. Arguing that maintaining law and order and upholding peace is considered the responsibility of the political and legal institutions in democracies, we theorize the “accountability effect” suggesting that terrorist activities indicate institutional failures in preventing casualties, undermining residents’ trust in these institutions. Using over 350,000 individual-level observations from the European Social Survey, we find evidence of the accountability effect showing that exposure to terrorist activities undermines self-reported trust in various national and international institutions, including the parliament, legal institutions, the police, politicians, political parties, the European Parliament, and the United Nations. Whereas this negative relationship does not weaken with additional terrorist attacks, strong governance and high trust in institutions mitigate these adverse effects. Lastly, terrorist attacks do not affect trust among people.

Becoming a Legal History Teacher

This essay recounts my beginning teaching of legal history. My experience is likely distinctive because at almost 60 years old and after over three decades as a law professor, I became interested English legal history. My initial activities were limited to scholarship and did not involve teaching. But I thought I should also start teaching in this field. Thus, after about five years writing articles and over three decades of teaching traditional law school courses (Contracts, Antitrust, Professional Responsibility, and Law and Economics), I decided that I should teach a course in English legal history.Turning to English legal history was a major change in my career. I had no training in history and lacked the necessary language and paleographic skills. With the exception of Antitrust, I, like many law professors, had begun teaching new courses without substantial knowledge or experience. But I viewed my lack of knowledge with English legal history as different. Except for the few topics on which I had written, my ignorance of this vast and complicated field was profound. Morever, it was not like learning a more traditional legal subject and it also required knowledge of English history.Although there have been a number of beneficiaries of this English legal history course, I have been the greatest beneficiary. Teaching legal history has been a learning experience for me. It is hard for me to believe that any of the students learned as much as I have. I have always said that there are some subjects you teach to teach the students and some to teach yourself as well as the students. Such as been my experience in teaching English legal history. Morever, it has strengthened my scholarship as well.

This study analyzes the impact of good governance and e-governance on public trust in the Bureau for Press, Media, and Information (BPMI), Presidential Secretariat, Ministry of State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. A quantitative approach was used, surveying 115 respondents involved in public information services. The findings show a strong positive correlation between good governance and public trust (r = 0.844), and a significant correlation between e-governance and public trust (r = 0.660). The combined effect of good governance and e-governance accounts for 72.6% of the variance in public trust. This indicates that effective implementation of transparency, accountability, and digital service innovations through e-governance significantly enhances public trust in the institution. Furthermore, e-governance accelerates the flow of information and improves public perception of the integrity and professionalism of BPMI. These results emphasize the importance of combining good governance with digital innovations to consistently strengthen public trust in governmental institutions.

PurposeDespite Bangladesh's great strides in formulating disaster management policies following the principles of good governance, the degree to which these policies have successfully been implemented at the local level remains largely unknown. The objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) to examine the roles and effectiveness of local-level governance and disaster management institutions, and (2) to identify barriers to the implementation of national policies and Disaster-Risk-Reduction (DRR) guidelines at the local community level.Design/methodology/approachBetween January 2014 and June 2015 we carried out an empirical investigation in two coastal communities in Bangladesh. We employed a qualitative research and Case Study approach, using techniques from the Participatory Rural Appraisal toolbox to collect data from local community members as well as government and NGO officials.FindingsOur study revealed that interactive disaster governance, decentralization of disaster management, and compliance by local-level institutions with good governance principles and national policy guidelines can be extremely effective in reducing disaster-loss and damages. According to coastal community members, the local governments have generally failed to uphold good governance principles, and triangulated data confirm that the region at large suffers from rampant corruption, political favoritism, lack of transparency and accountability and minimal inclusion of local inhabitants in decision-making – all of which have severely impeded the successful implementation of national disaster-management policies.Research limitations/implicationsWhile considerable research on good governance has been pursued, our understanding of good disaster governance and their criteria is still poor. In addition, although numerous national disaster management policy and good governance initiatives have been taken in Bangladesh, like many other developing countries, the nature and extent of their local level implementation are not well known. This study contributes to these research gaps, with identification of further research agenda in these areas.Practical implicationsThe study focuses on good disaster governance and management issues and practices, their strengths and limitations in the context of cyclone and storm surges along coastal Bangladesh. It offers specific good disaster governance criteria for improving multi-level successful implementation. The paper deals with International Sendai Framework that called for enhancement of local level community resilience to disasters. Thus, it contributes to numerous policy and practice areas relating to good disaster governance.Social implicationsGood disaster governance would benefit not only from future disaster losses but also from improved prevention and mitigation of natural hazards impact, benefiting society at large. Improvement in knowledge and practice in disaster-risk-reduction through good governance and effective management would ensure local community development and human wellbeing at the national level.Originality/valueThe failure of local-level government institutions to effectively implement national disaster management and resilience-building policies is largely attributable to a lack of financial and human resources, rampant corruption, a lack of accountability and transparency and the exclusion of local inhabitants from decision-making processes. Our study identified the specific manifestations of these failures in coastal communities in Bangladesh. These results underscore the vital need to address the wide gap between national DRR goals and the on-the-ground realities of policy implementation to successfully enhance the country's resilience to climate change-induced disasters.

PurposeThis paper investigates the determinants of subjective well-being in Europe using the European Living, Working and COVID-19 (ELWC) Survey carried out by Eurofound (2021). Socio-demographics characteristics, employment status, measures of economic distress, inequality and work life balance are considered. Particular attention is paid to how quality of government support (QGS), that considers the dimensions of good governance such as integrity, fairness, reliability, responsiveness and influences subjective mental well-being (WHO-5) through the mediation of trust in other people and in institutions.Design/methodology/approachTo this end, the authors estimate a moderated mediation model for analysing the indirect role of QGS on WHO-5 through institutional trust and trust in people.FindingsThe results support the hypothesis that the reduction in WHO-5 in the European population during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID--19), particularly marked in the 18–34 age group, is related to the perceived inadequacy of government interventions in managing economic and social uncertainty through supportive measures. This outcome is also due to reduced trust in institutions and other people, as both are significant mediators that reinforce the impact of public support on WHO-5.Practical implicationsGovernment should pay greater attention to this relationship amongst good governance, trust and mental health of citizens because a healthy human capital is a significant factor for the long-run economic growth, in a special way when the authors refer to the young workforce with a greater life expectancy.Originality/valueIn the literature, the role of trust as a mediator has been analysed in the relationship between individual economic situations and subjective well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no studies have examined the role of perceived QGS on subjective mental well-being using the mediating and backing effects of trust in people and institutions.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2022-0549.

Drawn into the maelstrom of Western expansion, the Africans were torn from their homeland and swallowed up in the ever-increasing need for cheap labor in the pursuit of profit. With their participation in the process of Western expansion, objectified as chattel, the Africans and their descendants were doomed from the beginning to an ex istence characterized by social and cultural alienation; in a word, marginalization. This status would be codified by law, although it would extend much further into an evolving American culture and the African American soul. In 1705, almost exactly a century after the first colonists had set foot on Jamestown, the House of Burgesses codified and systematized Virginia’s laws of slavery. These laws would be modified and added to over the next century and a half, but the essential legal framework within which the institution of slavery would subsequently operate had been put in place. It had taken the English in Virginia the best part of one hundred years to finalize their construction of a legal status quite unknown in the Common Law of England, to declare unequivocally that Africans were a form of property: that they were, and henceforth would remain, “Strangers” and “outsiders” who would be required to live out their lives according to an entirely different set of laws from those that governed people of European birth and ancestry.1

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This study aimed to analyze the effect of human resource competencies, information technology and internal control systems on good governance and local government financial management performance in the Indonesian local government (Pangkep South Sulawesi). Research conducted on civil servants working on 49 local work units (SKPD) by setting a sample of 245 respondents. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) supporting through Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) Ver. 21. The results showed that the human resources competencies and internal control system have a positive and a significant effect on good governance. Information technology has positive but not significant effect on good governance. A human resources competency, internal control system and good governance have<strong> </strong>positive and significant effect on the financial management performance. Information technology has insignificant effect on financial management performance: The Mediating role of good governance.

The legitimacy of public institutions is crucial for building peaceful and inclusive societies. While levels of trust in institutions vary significantly across countries, opinion surveys suggest that there has been a decline in trust in public institutions in recent decades. Economic insecurity—which the COVID-19 crisis threatens to exacerbate—and perceptions of poor or corrupt government performance undermine the social contract and are closely linked to declines in institutional trust. Rebuilding public trust in the light of the current crisis demands services that work for everyone and jobs that provide income security, as well as more inclusive institutions.

Magna Carta is one of the most important illustrations of the exceptionalism of English common law. Within a completely feudal framework it gave the clearest possible articulation to the concept of the rule of law and at the same time it also showed that there were certain basic rights which every freeman enjoyed without any specific conferment by the king. From English perspective, continental European law after the process of the reception of Roman law was commonly regarded to be apart and different from the English legal tradition, as well as being perceived to pose a continual threat. The English Parliament constantly turned down royal attempts to emulate the continental reception of Roman law by characterizing it as something entirely foreign to English law. Roman law was supposed to promote an authoritarian and absolutist vision of the relationship between rule and subjection and this was expressed in the famous phrases 'princeps legibus solutus' and 'quod principi placuit legis habet vigorem'. Roman law was also anti-feudal, because one of its main principles that all power originated from one central source was the antithesis of the distribution of power over multiple centers, which was a crucial element of the feudal society. Many English historians have held the view that the English law is democratic, whereas the continental tradition is undemocratic and authoritarian, and this is why the Roman law succeeded on the Continent and failed in England.

The role of trust in health-seeking for non-communicable disease services in fragile contexts: A cross-country comparative study

This paper aims to highlight a number of shortcomings in the design and enforcement of the tax system in Greece, which have played a key role in the exacerbation of fiscal deficits that led to the current sovereign debt crisis. More precisely, we argue that these shortcomings resulting in low tax revenue are related to the structure of the Greek economy and to the failures of formal institutions (such as the poor functioning of the tax administration and lax tax enforcement). Such failures are rooted in and at the same time reinforce failures of informal institutions, namely low levels of trust in institutions and perceived fairness of the tax system.

Information technology (IT) is a very important part of an organization and is an investment value to make the organization better. The organization places IT as a matter that can support the achievement of the company's strategic plan to achieve the goals of the company's vision or mission and goals, as well as the Faculty of Science and Mathematics of the Diponegoro University (FSM UNDIP). FSM UNDIP has a vision to become a superior faculty based on research in the fields of science and mathematics and the development of its application. And one of the missions to achieve this vision is Enhancing governance efficient, accountable, transparent, fair, and integrated between sectors (good governance). IT governance in an organization aims to align IT strategy with the organization's business strategy. Without good and right governance, IT will cause problems and threats to the organization. This research aims to assess the capabilities of the IT governance process at FSM UNDIP. The framework used to assess IT governance that focuses on web-based services in FSM is this study using COBIT 5 on EDM03 and EDM04 domains, with the Self Assessment method. The results showed that the capability level of the IT governance process at FSM UNDIP in the EDM03 process was at Level 2 (Managed Process), which is an organization in carrying out IT, at this stage it has been successful and governance has been done well. Management of the planning, evaluation and adjustment processes is directed to better direction. While the EDM04 process is at level 1, the organization has successfully implemented IT processes and the goal of the IT process has been successfully achieved. The results provided are documents containing the governance of Risk Optimization and Resource Optimization management as a basis for risk and resource management references on the FSM UNDIP website. With the risk management and good resources will help organizations to make strategic decisions.

Background: Judicial control of public administration plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of the administration's activities and good governance. This scientific paper aims to examine the current situation of judicial control of the public administration of the Republic of Kosovo and provide a comparative analysis of the legal framework of judicial control of public administration in the countries of the region. This paper aims to answer the following questions: How far has the Basic Court in Pristina managed to decide on the legality of acts and actions of public administration authorities? Is establishing the Administrative Court and the Supreme Administrative Court to handle administrative matters necessary? The establishment of the Administrative Court would improve judicial control over the legality of the public administration’s work, increase the quality of administration and good governance, and increase citizens' trust in institutions. Methods: In this study, various methodologies were employed, including qualitative, analytical, comparative-legal, descriptive and quantitative (statistical) methods. The qualitative research method analyses the Constitution, laws, by-laws, and other documents. The comparative legal method was applied when comparing provisions in the administrative dispute legislation in the countries of the region. Statistical methods have been used during the study of the annual reports of the Kosovo Judicial Council and the Courts, as well as in the empirical part of the paper. Results and Conclusions: The research and analysis findings conclude that establishing administrative courts in the Republic of Kosovo is necessary for resolving administrative issues. The results provide insights that the existence of only one department at the Basic Court in Pristina with "jurisdiction" for the entire territory of the Republic of Kosovo is not the right solution. For this reason, the authors substantiate the necessity of establishing the Administrative Court in the Republic of Kosovo to resolve administrative issues. The Administrative Court of First Instance is based in Pristina, with branches in six major centers of Kosovo, and the Supreme Administrative Court is the second instance.