Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a heterogeneous disease, which is characterized by abundant proliferation of interstitial collagen, disordered arrangement, collagen network reconstruction, increased cardiac stiffness, and decreased systolic and diastolic functions, consequently developing into cardiac insufficiency. With several factors participating in and regulating the occurrence and development of cardiac fibrosis, a complex molecular mechanism underlies the disease. Moreover, cardiac fibrosis is closely related to hypertension, myocardial infarction, viral myocarditis, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, which can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death, thus seriously threatening human life and health. Resveratrol, with the chemical name 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, is a polyphenol abundantly present in grapes and red wine. It is known to prevent the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it may resist cardiac fibrosis through a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and several cell signaling pathways, thus exerting a protective effect on the heart.
Highlights
With continuous improvement in the quality of life, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have emerged as the primary killers
Myocardial fibrosis is most common in ischemic injury, but it may occur in non-ischemic causes, including pressure or volume overload, diabetes, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), sarcoidosis and myocarditis [7]
Complex cellular and molecular mechanisms are believed to underlie the development of cardiac fibrosis, as evident from the participation of numerous factors in its occurrence and development, including the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO), growth factors (GFs), calcium ion (Ca2+), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) [8,9]
Summary
With continuous improvement in the quality of life, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have emerged as the primary killers. Resveratrol, whose chemical name is 3,5,4 -trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, known as stilbene, is a non-flavonoid polyphenol that is widely found in grapes, giant knotweed, Resveratrol, whose chemical name is 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, know stilbene, is a non-flavonoid polyphenol that is widely found in grapes, g2iaonf 1t4 knotw peanuts, and other plant species. It exhibits protective functions against cardiovasc and cerebrovascular diseases, protecting the nerves, delaying aging, resisting ox tion,pienanhuibtsi,tainndgottuhmer oprlafnotrsmpeaciteiso.nIt,eaxnhdibirtes dpruocteinctgivienfuflnacmtiomnsaatgioainn,stdciaarbdeiotveass,coublaersaintyd, and fib sis. Tcehreubsr,ovitasicsualarhdigishealysesr,etsheuasrpcrhoetedctcinogmthpeonuenrvde.s,Idnelaadyidnigtiaognin, gr,ersevsiestriantgroxl-irdealtaiotne,d prod haveinbheibeintinugsetudmionrtfroeramtiantigons,eavnedrareldduicsienagsiensfl[a1m0m]. aIntiorne,cdeinabt eyteesa,rosb, ewsiittyh, afnododfibarnosdisd. rug sa awaTbreehenunse,suists,eisrdeaisnhvitegrhrealayttirrnoegslehsaearvcsehraeatdltrdcaoiscmetapesdoeuscno[d1n0. ]sI.nidIanedrrdaeibctielonent,ayrteetseavrnset,riawotrniothld-rfueoeloadtteodaintpdsroedddruuicbgtlsseahafaenvtyed medic valuaews.arAenltehsso, uregsvhertahteroal nhatsi-actatrradcitaedc cfoibnrsiodseirsabelfefeatcttenotfiornedsuveertoatitrsoeldhibalse agnrdadmuedaliclyinaalttracted creavsianlugesa.ttAenlthtiooung,hittshemaencthi-caanridsimac ifisbsrotislilsuenffceclet aorf.rIensvtehriastrsotluhdays ,gwraeduraelvlyieawttreadcttehde propo mecihnacrneiassmingoafttreenstivoenr,aittsrmolecahgaaniinsmstics astridlliuancclfeiabrr. oInsitshi(sFsitguudyr,ew1e)rteovipewroedvitdheeparotphoesoerdetical re encemfeocrhafunirstmheorf rsetsuvedriaetrsool angaitinssftucanrcdtiiaocnfisbrionsicsa(Fridgiuarce 1f)ibtorporsoivs-idreelaattheedordetiiscealarseefesr.ence for further studies on its functions in cardiac fibrosis-related diseases
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