Results of percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty in 218 adults with valvular aortic stenosis

Abstract

The results of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) in 218 adult patients with valvular aortic stenosis (AS) are reported. In most cases, 3 transcutaneously introduced balloons of successively increasing size were used. Tolerance was excellent in 64%, whereas a decrease in blood pressure below 60 mm Hg during inflation was observed in 36%. The left ventricular-aortic peak to peak gradient decreased from 72 ± 25 to 29 ± 14 mm Hg (p < 0.001) and the aortic valve area increased from 0.52 ± 0.18 to 0.93 ± 0.33 cm 2 (p < 0.001). The final aortic valve area was ≥1 cm 2 in 69 patients (32%). In only 6 cases (3%) the aortic valve area did not change or increased by <10%. A clear improvement in the results was observed with gained experience and better catheters. There was 1 death and 1 stroke in the procedure room, and 3 strokes after BAV. Nine patients died shortly after the procedure. There were local complications (hematoma or thrombosis) at the femoral puncture site in 28 (13%) patients. Clinical follow-up was obtained for 144 patients (mean 8 months). There were 24 deaths. In the 120 remaining cases, symptomatic improvement was good in 84%, with decrease or disappearance of dyspnea, angina or both. This study demonstrates that BAV is feasible in adult AS at a low risk and is able to produce marked clinical improvement in most cases.