Responsible use of artificial intelligence and digital technologies in agricultural development

In modern conditions digital technologies are actively developed and used all over the world. The accelerated development of digital technologies over the past years suggests paying attention to the problems of introducing artificial intelligence technologies, infocommunication technologies into the system of state and municipal administration in Russia. The introduction and use of artificial intelligence and infocommunication technologies in the state public administration system requires a systematic assessment and methodological substantiation of its parameters. In this regard, at present, one of the urgent problems of the development of the system of state and municipal administration is the problem of determining the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the system of state and municipal administration. The purpose of the research is to consider various methods for assessing the effectiveness of the use of information and communication technologies in the public administration system and to develop a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of state authorities. To achieve the goal, the tasks of justifying the need to assess the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the public administration system are solved, systems of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies by state authorities are considered. The methodological basis of the research is a systemic, empirical approach. The works of domestic and foreign authors in the field of artificial intelligence and introduction of information and communication technologies into the public administration system are the theoretical and methodological basis of the research. The result of the research is a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the public administration system. The proposed approach to assessing the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence technologies in the public administration system makes it possible to characterize the process of using artificial intelligence technologies in the public administration system in the present and future periods, and to identify the most significant directions for increasing the efficiency of using artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of state authorities.

The main focus is on studying the prospects and possibilities of using artificial intelligence technology systems in detecting, investigating and preventing crimes. Ensuring the use of artificial intelligence technologies in law enforcement activities should become an urgent task of forensic science. The use of artificial intelligence technologies to predict crimes or illegal behavior of certain individuals, detect a possible criminal, as well as the use of these technologies for forensic purposes are considered promising areas of research. The article reflects the idea that it is impossible to ensure a positive result from the use of digital technologies in forensic activities only through the formulation of theoretical provisions and scientific discussions, despite the lack of large-scale and significant results of applied research in this area. Promising use of artificial intelligence and digital technologies in forensic and law enforcement practice will achieve higher results.

The article is devoted to the study of the application of artificial intelligence technologies in law enforcement activities in Ukraine and the world. The purpose of the article is to analyze the international and domestic experience of using digital technologies in law enforcement activities, to identify the shortcomings of the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in this area, to provide proposals for its improvement in Ukraine. It was found that one of the countries that is actively expanding the use of artificial intelligence and successfully introducing relevant technologies into public administration is China. The artificial intelligence system which is used in China called «Zero Trust». The purpose of using this system is to prevent the commission of corruption offenses. It is emphasized, that the disadvantage of the «Zero Trust» system is that artificial intelligence, identifying the cause of corruption, does not indicate the algorithms and principles of this process. At the same time, the experience of using artificial intelligence in the field of preventing and combating corruption in Ukraine is considered when carrying out automated verification of persons declarations of authorized to perform state and local government functions. Ways of improving legal regulation when conducting financial control of declarations using artificial intelligence technologies are proposed. It has been found that artificial intelligence is widely used in the USA to predict the prevalence and state of crime. It was emphasized that Ukraine also has experience in the application of artificial intelligence technologies in law enforcement activities. Artificial intelligence is used in the development and implementation of departmental specialized intelligent software, the implementation of operative and investigative actions (for the recognition of video objects observation by comparing images in social networks, etc). It was concluded that artificial intelligence and digital technologies help to quickly process large volumes of information in the investigation and prevention of criminal activity. Modern developments in the field of artificial intelligence and advanced digital technologies, which are implemented in foreign countries to prevent and fight crime, are of great importance for the improvement of legal regulation in this field in Ukraine.

The article reveals the specifics of the use of digital technologies in political campaigns. In particular, based on a comparative analysis, the experience of using these technologies in the political process of the USA, the EU and the Russian Federation is compared. It is noted that artificial intelligence technologies are most often used in political campaigns, namely targeted advertising, Big Data and the use of cryptocurrency based on blockchain technology to finance political campaigns. It is in this direction that the development of regulatory legal acts regulating the use of digital technologies is also underway. Insufficient elaboration of the issues of the use of digital technologies in the political sphere provides significant opportunities for research. The purpose of the article is to identify the main directions of using digital technologies in political campaigns. The following general scientific methods were used to analyze the results obtained: description, analysis, synthesis. An important role was played by the method of comparative analysis, which allows comparing the use of digital technologies in the USA, EU countries and Russia, as well as obtaining the most representative indicators. The authors have developed criteria and indicators for comparing the use of basic digital technologies by different countries and evaluated them on a 5-point scale. The article also used SWOT analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the introduction of digital technologies in political campaigns, as well as to demonstrate the opportunities and threats of their use. The results of comparative and SWOT analysis showed that the use of digital technologies in the Russian Federation and the European Union are approximately at the same level, with the exception of the introduction of Big Data - it is much higher in the EU. The highest degree of implementation of digital technologies is typical for the United States. The article reveals a direct relationship between the degree of regulatory regulation of end-to-end technologies and the level of their dissemination, which indicates the need to maintain a reasonable balance in the legislative regulation of innovative technologies. There is also a tendency to increase the use of digital technologies in Russian political practice, which increases the responsibility of political actors for ensuring the security of personal data of citizens. The article concludes that the development and implementation of digital technologies in modern Russian political life requires the development of a regulatory framework to protect the privacy of citizens and ensure the ethics and transparency of their application. The state should act as a coordinating intermediary between political actors and IT campaigns in order to develop and integrate digital technologies into political campaigns at various levels.

In today’s world, where artificial intelligence and digital technologies are widely used, this study seeks to investigate their impact on food security activities. The key role of digital technology in this area is highlighted, in particular in addressing challenges and providing opportunities for safe and affordable food for the whole population. The article discusses how supply chain monitoring and tracking, smart agriculture implementation, and the use of data analytics and artificial intelligence can all help to ensure the food system’s sustainability and efficiency. These can be supplemented successfully with communication and awareness via mobile applications and online platforms that increase consumer engagement and responsibility. On the other hand, the article also highlights the challenges associated with the intensive use of artificial intelligence and digital technologies in terms of accessibility and data security. To summarize, rational use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence is critical for developing a sustainable, safe, and crisis-resilient food system.

Scrutinizing environmental governance in a digital age: New ways of seeing, participating, and intervening

This article raises the problem of society’s and individuals’ trust in the law during the digital transformation. It identifies factors that in many ways lead to decreased trust in the law. These factors include geopolitical crises and the changes the world experienced during the pandemic, as well as processes of poorer quality rulemaking, public administration, legal drafting and enforcement. It also identifies reasons why the law lags behind the realities of widespread use of new digital technologies in the XXI century, in which the number of gaps in the legal regulation system becomes critical for jurisprudence, legal theory, society and the state. It has been found that increasing information pressure on the individual and the individual’s openness and defenselessness to information flows, as well as stress and the infodemic, particularly during a pandemic and geopolitical crisis, destroy the ability to shape critical thinking. Due to overload, they deprive people of skills for effectively learning something new and developing creatively. Also, the more time the individual spends in the information space, subjected to powerful targeting technologies, the less right he or she has to choose. This is particularly the case now as the world is dominated by a couple dozen global digital platforms that provide people and small and medium business with an ever-expanding range of services, which means they no longer have the economic ability to choose other, alternative solutions. The changes that have occurred in the system of people being forced to work remotely, “regulatory administration”, the use of people’s fear and confusion, have questioned the authority of the law. The article concludes that identifying information law’s place in Russia and the modern world, including issues of the need to systematize information legislation for the country and society at a time when digital data are becoming the basis for a growing number of social interactions, seems to be one of the important processes to boost trust in the law as a social regulator. The article raises issues of the legal regulation of the circulation of big data, the Internet of things, artificial intelligence and other digital technologies. It analyzes a number of legal issues, including the generation of consistent hierarchical legal terminology for the Internet of things and a common vision of the system of IoT legal issues requiring new or modified solutions in light of industry specifics and the current state of the regulatory framework. At the current stage of humanity’s development, the “right to reject the use of digital technologies” could be a rational tool to strike a balance between individuals’ rights and the public interest. Therefore, it will be important for achieving the goals of information law to create a system that protects the rights of those who are unable, unwilling or afraid to use new sophisticated technological solutions such as various cutting-edge digital technologies, including artificial intelligence technologies.

Digital technologies, including wearable activity trackers and smartphone applications, offer tools to support behaviours in healthy ageing interventions. This study aimed to describe utilisation patterns and correlates of digital technology use among middle-aged and older Australians. We used data from 45 and Up Study 2019 follow-up questionnaire (originally 267,357 participants aged ≥45years recruited 2005-2009). We considered three categories of digital technology use: broad digital technology use (e.g. computers, tablets), small portable devices (e.g. smartphones, smart watches, activity trackers), and digital applications to track health (e.g. step count, nutrition, medication). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between participants' sociodemographic, health status and behavioural characteristics with digital health technology use. 31,965 participants completed the 2019 follow-up questionnaire (47% response rate), with a median age of 69years (interquartile range: 63-76). Among participants, 87.0% reported broad digital technology use, 34.9% active use of small portable devices, and 29.8% monthly digital application use to track health. For all three categories, digital technology use was significantly associated with relatively younger age (highest for 55-64years), major cities, private health insurance, higher socioeconomic status, greater physical function, higher physical activity, higher fruit and vegetable intake, lower psychological distress, and lower red and processed meat intake. There were no associations between digital technology use and marital status, cancer, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and depression/anxiety. In this Australian cohort, digital technology use was highly common among participants aged 55 to 74years, but reduced among those aged over 75years. Targeted interventions leveraging digital technologies are warranted with the goal of advancing public health.

Intensive use of artificial intelligence and digital technologies is becoming an integral part of our everyday life. Artificial intelligence algorithms are effectively used to diagnose diseases, help overcome language barriers thanks to automatic translation, make court decisions in cases, analyze the psychological state and consumer needs of social network users and, as a result, affect basic human rights and freedoms. In these examples, the advantages are clear, but there are many ethical and legal problems that can lead to serious negative consequences. It is significant that so far the norms of national and international legislation have regulated relations between individuals, but with the development of artificial intelligence, another plane of interaction appears - "man-machine". Communication takes place between a person and an algorithm without the participation of other people, and it is the algorithm that is authorized to make certain decisions: from a chatbot that will offer the best travel options to a robot that will decide whether to let you cross the border or use a weapon against you or whether to hire you. The purpose of the research is to analyze the specific features of the formation and development of the artificial intelligence, digital technologies and the future of law. The main methods used in the work were: comparative, method of abstraction, deductive method, concretization. The results states that artificial intelligence and digital technologies has not succeeded in surpassing humans in creativity and intellectual abilities. However, it should be remembered that over time it will understand its internal structure and will be capable of self-improvement, so society needs to create certain ethical standards for the development and operation of artificial intelligence technologies. The conclusion is oriented on the fact that, the technological paradigm is changing, management models and social norms are changing, large-scale developments are taking place demographic changes. Therefore, all the mentioned above requires additional analyses.

Humanistic Buddhism is one of the mainstreams of modern Buddhism, with special emphasis on the humanistic dimension. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, Humanistic Buddhism is also at an important stage of modernization and transformation, thus facing a continuous negotiation between religious values and technological innovations. This paper first argues that AI is technically beneficial to the propagation of Buddhism by citing several cases in which AI technology has been used in Buddhism. Then, by comparing Master Hsing Yun’s Buddhist ethics to “Posthuman” ethics, it points out that the theories of Humanistic Buddhism share similarities with AI and Posthuman ethics. Among them, Master Hsing Yun’s theory of “the nature of insentient beings” provides an important theoretical reference for the question of “whether AI can become a Buddha”. From the technical and ethical dimensions, it points out that the interaction between Humanistic Buddhism and AI can promote original uses or implementations of AI technology. However, it should also be noted that compared to the cases of “Artificial Narrow Intelligence”discussed in the paper, the “Strong AI” could lead to much more ethical crises. It is also likely to cause the cult of science and technology, and thus subvert the humanistic tradition of Buddhism with a new instrumental rationality. In addition, there are some potential pitfalls that Humanistic Buddhism may encounter when using AI. Hence, while it is necessary to encourage the use of technologies such as AI in contemporary Buddhism, it is also important for Buddhism to keep a critical distance from digital technologies.

AI Applications in Health Sector: Use of Artificial Intelligence in Covid-19 Crisis and Impacts of Medical Robots on Global Economy

Companies need to adapt to the changing environment quickly to do business effectively. The need to introduce digital technologies is becoming more and more clear to the leaders of both large and small organizations every day. The purpose of the study: to study the risks of workers and employers in the introduction of artificial intelligence. As a methodology, a systematic approach, logical methods were used, namely: analysis and synthesis, comparison and comparison, the method of logical interpretation; observation as a method of empirical investigation. The work studied historical analogies of the concept of artificial intelligence, conducted an analytical review of definitions of artificial intelligence from various scientific sources, systematized a review of the scientific literature on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of human resources management, modern services based on artificial intelligence technologies were analyzed, the risks of an employee and employer in the introduction of artificial intelligence were studied, the positive and negative consequences of the introduction of artificial intelligence in Russian companies were identified. The current problems associated with changes in the business sector caused by the coronavirus pandemic and the peculiarities of the use of modern digital technologies in a pandemic were also considered. Examples of the use of digital technologies in the HR field in the training and development of personnel are considered. The novelty of the study includes conclusions about the importance of an integration approach to the role of man in the digital age. Artificial Intelligence technologies will allow the company to reduce costs, optimize staffing, rationalize production and work with Big Data. However, the introduction of artificial intelligence into the management of human resources is associated with a number of risks that can cause not only intellectual, but also physical damage to both employers and employees.

AI telemedicine screening in ophthalmology: health economic considerations

Human beings by nature have a predisposition towards learning and exploration of natural world. We are intrinsically intellectual and social beings knitted with adaptive cognitive architectures. As Foot (2014) succinctly sums it up: humans act collectively, learn by doing, and in and via their actions and they ... make, employ, and adapt tools of all kinds to learn and communicate and community is central to process of making and interpreting meaning-and thus to all forms of learning, communicating, and acting (p.3). Education remains pivotal in transmission of social values including language, knowledge, science, technology, and an avalanche of others. Indeed, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) have been significant to advancement of social cultures transcending every epoch to contemporary times. As Jasanoff (2004) poignantly observed, the ways in which we know and represent world (both nature and society) are inseparable from ways in which we choose to live in it. [...] Scientific knowledge [..] both embeds and is embedded in social practices, identities, norms, conventions, discourses, instruments, and institutions (p.2-3). In essence, science remains both a tacit and an explicit cultural activity through which human beings explore their own world, discover nature, create knowledge and technology towards their progress and existence. This has been possible through interaction and applications of artifacts, tools, and technologies within purviews of their environments. The applications of technologies are found across almost every luster of organizational learning especially teacher education, STEM, architecture, manufacturing, and a flurry of others. Thus, human evolution and development are inexplicably linked with education either formally or informally. The 21st century has however seen a surge in use of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies in education. The proliferation of artificial intelligence and associated technologies are creating new overtures of digital multiculturalism with distinct worldviews of significance to education. For example, learners are demonstrating digital literacy skills and are knowledgeable about AI technologies across every specter of their lives (Bennett et al., 2008). It is also opening new artesian well-springs of educational opportunities and pedagogical applications. This includes mapping new methodological pathways, content creation and curriculum design, career preparations and indeed a seemingly new paradigm shift in teaching STEM.There is growing scholarly evidence about use and diffusion of these technologies in K-12 and higher education (Bonk & Graham, 2012;Hew & Brush, 2007;Langer, 2018;Mishra & Koehler, 2006). Some of these include Sphero robots, Micro Bit, Jill Watson, BrickPi3 Classroom kit, Engino STEM Mechanic, Lego Education WeDo Core Set and Spike. Both educators and learners are using these in STEM programs as well as other education related activities. Just as human activities and interactions with artifacts and tools shaped and redefined scientific-technological feat of previous generations, so contemporary digital technological era seems to be on a similar trajectory. However, there is sparsity of empirical scholarship on pedagogical prospects and effectiveness of artificial intelligence in STEM classrooms. Also, it should be noted that scholarship on how AI impacts pedagogical content knowledge of STEM educators and how learners perceive these technologies are just emerging. In addition, recent COVID-19 pandemic (Ghandhi et al., 2020;Rasmussen et al., 2020) has unexpectedly created a renewed synergy towards applications of digital technologies in teaching STEM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

The article describes the basic principles of using artificial intelligence and digital technologies in the context of identifying and countering foreign means of influencing young people in their own environment. The basic principles of the influence of digital technologies, digitalization in politics and its impact on youth and modern politics in general are revealed. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that in the context of modern globalization and the development of information and communication technologies, foreign countries are increasingly using digital methods of influence aimed at influencing the youth of other countries, including the Russian one. This manifests itself as the spread of disinformation and propaganda, the organization of protest actions and the recruitment of young people into terrorist and extremist organizations, etc. Artificial intelligence and digital technologies can help Russia in countering foreign influence on young people. They can be used to analyze large amounts of data, create a monitoring system, and develop information campaigns.