Respon Pemikiran Islam atas Problem Kemiskinan di Indonesia: Elaborasi Nalar Maqāṣidī dari Ḥifẓ an-Nafs ke Ḥifẓ al-Māl

Abstract

Poverty not only causes hunger, cut off access to education and health that should be enjoyed by the nation's generation, but also causes problems and social inequalities. This article is a literature study with the maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah approach, in particular, the concept of ḥifẓ an-nafs (nurturing the soul) and ḥifẓ al-māl (preserving property) as part of the primary purpose of Islamic sharia. For Islam, through elaboration of the concepts of ḥifẓ an-nafs and ḥifẓ al-māl, desires the complete maintenance of human life. The results showed that nurturing the soul not only protects the human body from enemy attacks and criminal acts, but also meets its needs (food, clothing, boards), and protects it from disease. While maintaining property is not only related to social transactions, but also requires the management, development, and spending of these property for public benefit. This is done to meet the needs of human life in a sustainable manner, and minimize underdevevevement, poverty, and unemployment which is very contrary to the objectives of Islamic sharia.