Resource Use in Introductory Biology: Evaluating Latent Patterns, Demographic Covariates, and Effects on Final Course Grade.

One of the tools for rational use of material resources is the assessment of the efficiency of the use of the enterprise's material resources. Efficient use of material resources is the main factor in the successful operation of companies whose main task is to increase profits. As a result of the efficient use of material resources, the cost of production decreases, which in turn affects its competitiveness. To solve this problem, general indicators are used that characterize the efficiency of the use of the enterprise's material resources. But general indicators allow you to get only a general idea of the level of efficiency of the use of material resources. This article discusses the effective use of the company's material resources and their assessment. The influence of rational use of material resources on the economic performance of the enterprise and the quality of products is described. The calculation of general and specific indicators of the efficiency of use of material resources is given.

Background: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) readmission, or recidivism, can lead to increased resource use, longer hospital length-of-stay (LOS), higher costs,&worse survival. Given the potential clinical&financial impact of recidivism, it may be a useful quality metric for unit-&hospital-level comparisons. No prior studies, however, have comprehensively explored recidivism – its potential causes or consequences – across Cardiac Intensive Care Units (CICUs). Methods: The Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN) is a multicenter registry of advanced CICUs coordinated by the TIMI Study Group (Boston, MA). Consecutive admissions were captured (n=16,705)&those with >1 readmission during the same hospitalization were identified. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine baseline variables associated with recidivism, as well as the association of recidivism with in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 1287 pts (7.7%) had CICU readmission. These pts were younger (p=0.015), had more diabetes (p=0.04), prior heart failure (HF)&chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p<0.001 for both), more frequently presented with decompensated HF or cardiogenic shock (p<0.001), were more often transferred from outside facilities (p<0.001), and had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores at presentation (p<0.001). Rates of CICU recidivism highly varied across institutions (Fig-A). Compared to those who were not readmitted, those readmitted to the CICU had greater critical care resource use during their 1st CICU stay (Fig-B), along with longer initial CICU LOS (2.8 vs 2.2d)&hospital LOS (20.4 vs 7.6d) (both p<0.001). Hospital mortality was 20.3% in those readmitted to the CICU compared to 4.5% in those without readmission (Fig-C); adjusted odds ratio 6.22 (95% CI 5.25-7.38, p<0.001). This remained statistically significant after adjustment for code status. Conclusions: CICU recidivism varies significantly across centers and is associated with numerous comorbidities, higher illness severity, and greater resource use. One of every 5 pts readmitted to the CICU died in the hospital. Recidivism should be measured in future CICU-based studies, and could help to assess quality of CICU care.

The federal Medicare DRG (diagnosis-related group) system is entering its sixth year. The hospital industry contends that DRGs are under-reimbursing for the hospital care provided. Our analysis by outcome (ie, survival vs death) of 3,329 patients with insulin-dependent or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus showed that the 242 diabetes-related deaths were associated with a much more intense use of hospital resources and a substantial financial risk under DRG pricing schemes, compared with the 3,087 diabetic survivors. Only deaths within one week of admission to the hospital were profitable under DRGs. Patients who died after a hospital stay of more than 60 days generated a loss of $28,377 per patient. Diabetic patients who died after emergency admission tended to have a shorter hospitalization and to pose less financial risk under DRGs than those who died after nonemergency admission. Those who died after referral from other clinical services tended to have greater use of resources and to pose greater financial risk under DRGs than those not referred. These data suggest significant inequities in the current Medicare DRG prospective payment system vis-à-vis deaths from diabetes. Long hospitalization, nonemergency admission, and referral from another clinical service were shown to be good predictors of greater use of hospital resources for diabetic patients who died. However, since hospitals are not compensated for the increased utilization, diabetic patients may suffer a decline in quality of and/or access to medical care in the future.

Objective This study aims to compare the process and outcome indicators of treatment between patients with dual diagnosis (DD) receiving coordinated care and those diagnosed with only substance use disorders (SUD) treated in addiction centers. It also aims to identify the impact of impact psychiatric comorbidity has on indicators of the therapeutic process and outcomes. Methods Data were extracted from the electronic health records (HER) of 93,566 outpatients (5429 outpatients diagnosed with DD and 88,143 outpatients diagnosed with only SUD). The variables analyzed included sociodemographic data, therapeutic process indicators (time in treatment and number of appointments), and treatment outcomes. Results No differences were found in terms of dropout/therapeutic discharge between the groups. However, patients in coordinated outpatient care exhibited a longer treatment duration (M DD = 19.82 vs. M SUD = 13.17; p < 0.001) and a greater number of follow-up appointments for therapeutic discharge (M DD = 23.84 vs. M SUD = 14.68; p < 0.001). In the regression analysis, the presence of comorbid mental disorders was identified as a significant predictor of both prolonged treatment duration and an increased number of follow-up appointments Conclusions Patients receiving coordinated care with DD require greater use of resources from addiction centers (and probably from mental health services) than patients with only SUD to achieve their therapeutic goals. Thus, the greater use of healthcare resources by these patients indicates that coordinated care systems, although effective, may not be the most efficient.

Informed by a social-ecological framework, this study nested undocumented students' individual mental health needs within micro-level campus factors and the macro-level immigration policy context to examine how these are associated with undocumented Latina/o/x college students' use of on-campus mental health services. A large-scale survey was administered to 1,277 undocumented college students attending 4-year public universities in California. Only Latina/o/x respondents were included in this study (N = 1,181). Fifty percent of students attended a UC system (n = 589). On average, students were 21.84 years old (SE = .15), and most were women (75.3%, n = 890). Greater level of mental health symptoms and perceived mental health need, and greater use of campus-wide resources and undocumented student services predicted greater likelihood of using on-campus mental health services. Greater perceptions of social exclusion due to the immigration policy context predicted lower use of mental health services. Results indicate that a greater use of resources and an inclusive campus environment, as well as efforts to minimize policy-related feelings of social exclusion, may facilitate undocumented students' professional mental health help-seeking. These findings emphasize the need to take multiple and multi-level ecological factors into account when considering mental health service use, particularly in the case of undocumented immigrants and likely other structurally marginalized groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction. In the conditions of the war and the post-war reconstruction of the economy of Ukraine, the main source of modernization transformations of the domestic industry is the intensification of production, the saving of material and other types of economic resources, and the improvement of the efficiency of the use of the accumulated resource potential. The dynamics of the efficiency of material consumption and the level of material intensity in the production process are formed under the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors, taking into account the innovative components of standardizing the costs of material resources at the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to generalize and develop scientific and practical recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the use of material resources and finding reserves for reducing the material intensity of the company’s products. Research methods. In the research process, general scientific and special methods of cognition were used: the method of chain substitutions, absolute and relative differences, the index method, the integral method, the logarithmic method, the method of proportional division, the methods of economic-mathematical modeling, the optimization method, and the correlation-regression method. The results. The proposed system of indicators (empirical, modeling, control) will allow to detail the obtained results, to expand the understanding of the activities of the subjects of the enterprises in the direction of increasing the efficiency of the use of material resources, which will ensure a decrease in the material intensity and cost of industrial products in the process of their production. It was found that the current toolkit of analysis is limited in the application of methods for all types of structural-logical models and is characterized by high labor-intensiveness of mathematical functions and obtaining an economic interpretation, based on the performance of calculation actions taking into account the sequence of exogenous and endogenous factors of the model of the formation of the indicator of the effective use of material resources. It has been proven that the applied system of rationing the costs of material resources is based on the use of research-statistical, analytical- calculation and research-laboratory methods. It was established that the lack of the formation of regulatory costs is the absence of a factor accounting for the scientific and technical development of the enterprise, and possible losses (waste) of material resources in the production process. Prospects. Further research should be aimed at the implementation of a continuous process of increasing the efficiency of the use of material resources based on the development and application of a structural block diagram of the phased implementation of&nbsp;organizational and accounting operations with their systematization, which will significantly reduce the material intensity and cost of production.

Abstract. Problem. For manufacturing enterprises, it is very important to reduce production and logistics costs, and one of the resource-intensive elements of this system is warehousing. Therefore, the need to establish conditions for the efficient use of material and warehouse resources is identified. Goal. The goal is to reduce the total cost of operating the built warehouse system by introducing efficient conditions for the use of resources. Methodology. A structural model of the warehouse system elements has been developed, which takes into account the main features of technological interaction of subsystems for processing incoming, internal and external flows of containers, packaging and finished products. To determine the conditions for efficient use of resources in the functioning of the warehouse system, it is proposed to use the evaluation parameter - the total cost of the warehouse system of a production enterprise. The parameters of external influence are the following intensities of flows determined by the warehouse process of a manufacturing enterprise: input, internal, and output. It is proposed to consider three options for the use of human and material resources. Originality. The article develops forecasting models of a degree type for three proposed three variants of use of material and human resources in functioning of warehouse systems of production enterprises. The obtained dependencies allow obtaining decisionmaking conditions depending on the intensity of incoming, internal and outgoing cargo flows. Practical value. Determining the conditions for using resources at the lowest possible total cost. The least costly option is to use two operators in each warehouse subsystem and one mechanism

It is substantiated that the effectiveness of the functioning of the mentioned mechanism is expected to obtain: an economic effect, which involves reducing costs and resource losses, increasing the level of profitability, and as a result, ensuring the appropriate level of economic security ofthe enterprise in particular and the agro-food sector as a whole; ecological effect, which is mainly manifested through the preservation, savings and rational use of natural, in particular, land resources, which leads to the improvement of the ecological situation in the region, and as a result contributes to the increase of the level of environmental safety; the social effect obtained through the introduction of a resource-saving model of behavior, which leads to an increase in the quality of products of the agro-food sector, an increase in the level of food security of the enterprise and the country, and as a result - an increase in the well-being of the population; as well as their combinatorial and synergistic combination, which ensures the sustainable development of economic entities, the agro-food sector and the country. Organizational and economic mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of the use of material resources, land resources, financial resources, labor resources, information resources and time resources of the enterprise remain important components of the main mechanism, which, depending on the specialization of the agricultural enterprise, the scale of production and economic activity, the specifics of the involvement and use of heterogeneous types of resources will have a separate set of elements similar to the general organizational and economic mechanism, which in a synergistic relationship will contribute to the development of the processes of the efficiency of the use of resource potential. Therefore, the proposed organizational and economic mechanism for increasing the efficiency of the use of resources of an agricultural enterprise, taking into account the adaptive characteristics of its constituent elements and their functional features, will allow to ensure the orderly interaction of all types of resources with the aim of increasing the efficiency of their use in the process of the activity of an agricultural enterprise, which will ensure the creation of the necessary conditions for comprehensive economic, ecological and social development of individual subjects of the agro-food sector and the industry as a whole.

Many studies and interventions have been conducted to combat differential academic outcomes between majority and minoritized student populations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) higher education; however, few studies have examined resource use as a factor impacting these differences. Resource use is critical to success in myriad fields, and we posit that understanding resource use in graduate education, including the use and perception of resources, may be important in understanding differential outcomes and success among STEM graduate students. We employed a national survey of life science graduate students (N = 534) to describe student resource use outcomes and how these outcomes may be related to student demographic characteristics. The survey collected data on the following resource use outcomes: what resources students use, how often they use them, and how useful they perceive them to be. Academic stipend was the most frequently used resource and was perceived to be the most useful resource. Analysis of variance modeling and Tukey post hoc tests indicated that year in program, racial identity, gender identity, and college generation status all impacted student frequency of use or perception of usefulness for some resources, with the greatest differentials between white and non-white students. We conclude with recommendations for policy, practice, and future research.

In a market economy, it becomes important to improve the organization of enterprise management and, above all, the production process, efficient use of financial, material resources and inventories. Effective management of material resources increases profits and provides the necessary investment. To maintain high profitability and liquidity, the management of current activities of enterprises, in particular inventory management plays a significant role. The categorical apparatus of material resources management at the enterprise is considered, the definition of “material resources” is generalized, the definition of "material resources management" is offered, and also the system of material resources management at the enterprise is considered. In the management of material resources at the enterprise there are 2 approaches – logistics and reengineering. The main tasks of the mechanism of management of material resources of the enterprise of building materials are defined. These are: increasing the efficiency of material resources and choosing cheap sources of funding; introduction of new production, resource-saving technologies; minimization of costs for procurement, production and marketing activities; increasing the interest of employees of all services in the effective performance of their duties; product quality management. The analysis of efficiency of use of material resources at the enterprises of building materials which has shown, that manufacture of production is rather material-intensive is carried out. This is evidenced by the share of material costs in the cost of work, and the value of the utilization factor of materials indicates the economical use of material resources in production. Reserves for improving the efficiency of material resources at construction materials enterprises have been identified. The ways of the most rational use of material resources of construction materials enterprises are offered, in particular it is improvement of a design and technology of manufacturing of products, introduction of more progressive norms of expenses of resources, use of substitute materials, and reduction of losses at stages of transportation, storage and industrial use.

Object: The purpose of the study is to analyze the material and technical resources of medical institutions and to develop the ways to improve the efficiency of their use.&#x0D; The objectives of the study are to develop the main directions and mechanisms for managing material and technical resources; to analyze the fixed assets of healthcare institutions; to assess the effectiveness of the material and technical resources management system. The state of the healthcare system today is one of the most important areas of social development of the state, but it does not meet the needs of the population. The issue of improving the development of the sphere is relevant. The article provides a review of the scientific literature on the topic of management and improvement of the use of material and technical resources of healthcare, analysis of the main indicators, namely the number of hospital organizations and the number of hospital beds, the main indicators of the condition and use of fixed assets in healthcare, the structure of fixed assets, SWOT analysis, etc. A regression analysis of the impact of health indicators on the change in gross domestic product was carried out. Correlation indicators are very high, which confirm the significance of the constructed model. Based on the above model, the forecast values of gross domestic product are calculated. And in the conclusion of the article, in order to improve the efficiency of the use of material resources, a mechanism for managing the material and technical resources of a medical institution is proposed. The mechanism of improving the use of material and technical resources consists of three stages, the use of which will lead to the effectiveness of their use.&#x0D; Methods: The following research methods are used in the work: historical, statistical, structural and functional, system and comparative analysis.&#x0D; Findings: The article considers and analyzes the use of fixed assets in healthcare institutions, the dynamics of the main indicators of the condition and use of fixed assets. Based on the analysis, strengths and weaknesses were identified, threats and opportunities of medical institutions were identified. In the age of digitalization, a special place is occupied by the material and technical base of medical institutions and their security, and therefore, for more efficient use of fixed assets, a mechanism for managing the material and technical resources of a medical institution is proposed.&#x0D; Conclusions: The work emphasizes the need to provide material and technical resources, since the Concept of Healthcare development focuses on the development of digital healthcare, and in order to implement the program, a very good material base is needed. In this regard, in our opinion, the above mechanism for managing the material and technical resources of medical institutions will lead to optimization and efficiency of their use, improving the quality and efficiency of services provided.

The modern position of scientists and practitioners in the development of approaches (and often policies) for the development of agriculture is reduced to the need to identify individual instruments for production management and economic potential of the agro-industrial complex. Their distinctive characteristic is taking into account regional peculiarities for agricultural business. The purpose of this article is to develop focused on practice of effective management of material resources in agriculture at the regional level. The objects of the study were the regions of the Republic of Belarus and agricultural firms. The subject was the instruments of material resources management. The theoretical and methodological basis for the research was the papers of Russian scientists on program development for agriculture encouragement, management of industrial and economic agropotential, effective use and management of material resources in agriculture. The information base for the research was the data of the National Statistic Committee of the Republic of Belarus and the accounting statements of agricultural organizations. In the course of the study, it was determined that regional instruments for management of material resources should be differentiated on the basis of resource potential according to the constituents of material resources and should be based on a program-targeted approach that allows to present alternative solutions for the use of material resources, which take into account the interests of the state as a whole, region, district and determine the optimal combination of republican and regional social and economic interests (economic, food, social, and other types of security are taken into account). It is established that comprehensive programs of innovation and investment development should be developed for areas with a low level of resource potential, and for areas with medium and high levels of potential, these programs are mentioned to improve the efficiency of the use of material resources. Methodological approaches to the differentiation of districts by resource potential according to constituents of material resources are formulated. A model for program development to justify the effective use of material resources in the context of increasing the potential of agriculture is presented. The target indicators of the efficiency of material resources use taking into account the fertility of arable land are substantiated.

Associations Between Hemoglobin Level, Resource Use, and Medical Costs in Patients With Heart Failure: Findings From HF-ACTION

Use of hospital resources in ICU inpatients with infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: A real clinical practice-based study in Spain

IntroductionCarbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGN) are an urgent public health threat because of the limited treatment options, its rapid spreading and high clinical impact and mortality rates. However, the burden and the use of resources of these infections have not been investigated. The aim of the current study is to understand the use of resources associated to the clinical management of CRGN infections in real clinical practice conditions. MethodsAn observational retrospective chart review study was performed. Data regarding patient demographics, clinical management and use of resources associated to hospitalization were retrieved from clinical charts of ICU inpatients with a confirmed CRGN infection. Three reference Spanish hospitals were selected according to their patient volume and geographical coverage. Descriptive analyses of the clinical management and the use of resources and its cost were performed and then total costs by type of resource were calculated. ResultsA total of 130 patients were included in the study. The higher number of patients (n=43; 33%) were between 61 and 70 years old. Ninety-four (72%) patients were male and 115 (88%) suffered from comorbidities. The mean total cost associated to the resources used in patients with CRGN infections hospitalized in ICU was 96,878€ per patient. These total costs included 84,140€ of total hospital stay, 11,021€ of treatments (558€ of antibiotics; 10,463€ of other treatments) and 1717€ costs of diagnostic tests. ConclusionsCRGN infection causes a high use of hospital resources, being the length of stay either in hospital wards or ICU the driver of the total costs. Diagnostic tests and treatments, including antibiotics, represent the lowest part of the use of resources and costs (13% of total costs).