Abstract
In heterogeneous scenarios, nodes greatly differ with respect to their capabilities and mobility patterns. Moreover, episodic connectivity in opportunistic networks further aggravates the problem of finding a suitable next-hop to obviate unnecessary utilization of network resources. In this paper, we present a Multiattribute Routing Scheme (MARS) based on “Simple Multiattribute Rating Technique” (SMART) that collects samples of vital information about a node's different characteristics. This stochastic picture of a node behavior in multiple dimensions is then effectively employed in calculating its next-hop fitness. We also devise a method based on learning rules of neural networks which dynamically determines relative importance of each dimension to maximize next-hop utility of a node. With simulations, using synthetic and real mobility traces against well-known utility-based schemes, we show that MARS can achieve better delivery ratios despite introducing limited redundancy within the network.
Highlights
In sparse mobile ad hoc networks, there may exist no contemporaneous end-to-end path between a pair of nodes
In this paper, we present a hybrid utilitybased routing protocol called Multiattribute Routing Scheme (MARS) for opportunistic environments that determines a node’s next-hop fitness through an optimized combination of a set of multiple parameters based on “Simple Multiattribute Rating Technique” (SMART) [12]
As we can see that MARS-L5 shows consistent delivery rates as compared to MARS; a tradeoff can be achieved between acceptable delivery ratios and introduced routing overhead with our scheme, when there are limited resources within the network
Summary
In sparse mobile ad hoc networks, there may exist no contemporaneous end-to-end path between a pair of nodes. The utility heuristics based on any single attribute are not sustainable as the inefficiency of the algorithm to get itself cognizant of changing network characteristics can quickly deplete constraint resources in few better nodes These problems illustrate the need of a routing protocol that can achieve high delivery rates in resource-stringent environments, along with better load-balancing, despite introducing limited redundancy within the network. With this in mind, in this paper, we present a hybrid utilitybased routing protocol called Multiattribute Routing Scheme (MARS) for opportunistic environments that determines a node’s next-hop fitness through an optimized combination of a set of multiple parameters based on “Simple Multiattribute Rating Technique” (SMART) [12].
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