Abstract
Adolescents living in youth centers often comply with therapeutic treatment against their will. We think that this forced environment ruptures the therapeutic alliance between adolescents and their therapists and, as such, influences the therapeutic results. It has been reported, however, that therapies evoking rupture of the alliance with its later restoration are more effective than therapies without rupture. We review the literature on models of therapeutic alliance rupture resolution. This review is limited to experimentally- tested models. Firstly, we define the concepts of therapeutic alliance and its rupture. Then, we explore experimental models that quantify therapeutic alliance rupture resolution, describing methods of experimental validation, the results of models applied for experimental validation, and analysis of the data thus obtained.
Highlights
Adolescents in youth centers often submit to treatment against their will. Pauzé, Toupin, Déry and Mercier (2000) and Lessard (2001) report that a large number of adolescents in youth centers were placed there in accordance with the Young Offenders Act or the Youth Protection Act. Lessard (2001) specifies that in 1999-2000, 48.2% of referrals were finalized by a judge
Given the importance of the therapeutic alliance in the results of therapy, it seems imperative to clarify the process involved in resolving therapeutic alliance ruptures
The question at the outset of the review is the following: Which models of the alliance rupture resolution process were subjected to experimental investigation? To answer this question, we performed a computerized search in the following electronic data banks: PsycINFO, ERIC, PsycLIT and Medline
Summary
Adolescents in youth centers often submit to treatment against their will. Pauzé, Toupin, Déry and Mercier (2000) and Lessard (2001) report that a large number of adolescents in youth centers were placed there in accordance with the Young Offenders Act or the Youth Protection Act. Lessard (2001) specifies that in 1999-2000, 48.2% of referrals were finalized by a judge. Le Blanc, Girard, Kaspi, Lanctôt and Langelier (1995) note that in the Jesness Personality Inventory, adolescents under judicial control have a tendency to be mistrustful and withdrawn in their interactions with others, authority figures. This context may influence the quality of the therapeutic alliance between youths and their caseworkers, and affect the results of the intervention. Researchers like Horvath and Symonds (1991), Martin, Garske and Davis (2000) and Orlinsky, Grawe and Parks (1994), for example, arrive at this conclusion These researchers evaluated the short- and long-term effects of psychodynamic, cognitive and experimental therapies with clients whose problems varied. We will focus on experimental models of alliance rupture resolution, describing experimental investigation methods, the results of experimental investigation of these models, and analysis of the data
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