Resilience of the Gut Microbiome to Short Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy With or Without High-Dosage L. reuteri in H. pylori-Infected Adults.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. While global studies have explored this link, region-specific microbial profiles remain underreported. This pilot study aimed to characterize and compare, for the first time, the gut microbiota of Lebanese UC patients and healthy controls using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing (V3–V4 region). Fecal samples from 11 UC patients and 11 healthy individuals were analyzed. Alpha and beta diversity metrics were computed, and gut microbial composition was assessed across taxonomic levels. Statistical comparisons used Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests. UC patients showed significantly reduced microbial diversity based on Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity and Shannon index (p < 0.05), though evenness was unaffected. Beta diversity also revealed significant group-level dissimilarities (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, Bacteroidota was elevated in UC, while Bacillota and Actinomycetota were reduced. Genera such as Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Coprococcus were depleted in UC. Faecalibacterium, commonly reduced in UC, showed no significant difference. This first analysis of gut microbiota in Lebanese UC patients reveals a distinct microbial signature that partially diverges from global trends, supporting the need for region-specific microbiome studies and personalized microbiota-targeted therapies.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-31435-x.

BackgroundUnderstanding the interactions between the gut microbiome and psychotropic medications (psycho-pharmacomicrobiomics) could improve treatment stratification strategies in psychiatry. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we first explored whether psychotropics modify the gut microbiome; second, we investigated whether the gut microbiome affects the efficacy and tolerability of psychotropics. MethodsFollowing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we searched (November 2022) for longitudinal and cross-sectional studies that investigated the effect of psychotropics on the gut microbiome. The primary outcome was the difference in diversity metrics (alpha and beta) before and after treatment with psychotropics (longitudinal studies) and in medicated compared with unmedicated individuals (cross-sectional studies). Secondary outcomes included the association between gut microbiome and efficacy and tolerability outcomes. Random effect meta-analyses were conducted on alpha diversity metrics, while beta diversity metrics were pooled using distance data extracted from graphs. Summary statistics included standardized mean difference and Higgins I2 for alpha diversity metrics and F and R values for beta diversity metrics. ResultsNineteen studies were included in our synthesis; 12 investigated antipsychotics and 7 investigated antidepressants. Results showed significant changes in alpha (4 studies; standard mean difference: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.01–0.23; p = .04; I2: 14%) and beta (F = 15.59; R2 = 0.05; p < .001) diversity metrics following treatment with antipsychotics and antidepressants, respectively. Altered gut microbiome composition at baseline was associated with tolerability and efficacy outcomes across studies, including response to antidepressants (2 studies; alpha diversity; standard mean difference: 2.45; 95% CI: 0.50–4.40; p < .001, I2: 0%). ConclusionsTreatment with psychotropic medications is associated with altered gut microbiome composition, and the gut microbiome may in turn influence the efficacy and tolerability of these medications.

10541 Background: It is well known that estrogen exposure is a major risk factor for breast cancer (BC). Estrogen levels can be affected by the gut microbiome through enterohepatic circulation. No studies regarding gut microbiome changes in BC have examined the colonic mucosal microbiome; and there is no data on which types of gut microbiome studies would be most relevant to the study of the microbiome in BC. Methods: We examined differences in the gut microbiome composition in BC and control subjects using the following sample types: Home-collected stool, endoscopically collected stool, and colonic biopsy samples (for all groups, n=48 total, n=24 BC, n=24 controls). Here, we used both operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and amplicon sequence variant (ASV) based approaches in QIIME2 for 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Alpha diversity metrics (Chao1, Pielou’s Evenness, Faith PD, Shannon, and Simpson) and beta diversity metrics (Bray-Curtis, Weighted and Unweighted Unifrac) were calculated. LefSe was used to analyze differences in the abundance of various taxa between sample types. Results: Alpha and beta diversity metrics were different between the three sample types when using both OTU or ASV-based analysis, however there were some minor differences between analysis types in these samples. Comparing the 3 sample types, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (Log10 LDA score &gt;4) were the predominant phyla in home stool samples, while Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (Log10 LDA score &gt;4) were higher in abundance in the colonic biopsy samples. Conclusions: Our data shows that alpha and beta diversity metrics differ between sampling methods (home-collected stool, endoscopically collected stool, and colonic biopsies) when looking at the composition of the gut microbiome in BC. Results remained the same regardless of ASV or OTU-based analysis. [Table: see text]

e1T he coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to an unprecedented medical crisis.Current lack of data from experimental animals makes it difficult to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19.A clinical study from COVID-19-positive patients in Hubei, China revealed that 46% presented with gastrointestinal problems. 1Also, SAR-CoV-2 viral RNA has been detected in the stools of patients with COVID-19.These data suggest the underestimated importance of intestinal infection in SARS-CoV-2-induced severe respiratory response. 2ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, 3 is best known for its role in blood pressure regulation.Additionally, ACE2 has another important function of curbing intestinal inflammation.Ace2 -/-mice with a reshaped gut microbiota were susceptible to intestinal inflammation. 4ransfer of the Ace2 -/-gut microbiota to germ-free (GF) mice worsened colitis pathogenesis, 4 suggesting gut microbiotamediated protective effects of ACE2.These gastrointestinal benefits of ACE2 may be masked during coronavirus infection, where its expression in the intestine represents a possible avenue for viral entry.We speculated that gut microbiota, which is highly variable between individuals could be an additional factor modulating colonic Ace2 expression and thereby influencing COVID-19 infectivity. Methods AnimalsSeven-week-old male GF Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (N=5) and GF rats co-housed with conventional SD rats for 10 days (conventionalized GF [GFC]; N=6) were obtained from Taconic Biosciences (https://www.taconic.com/).They were immediately sacrificed with excess of isoflurane anesthesia upon arrival at the University of Toledo.Fecal samples were collected from the colon for analysis.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have been associated with alterations in both oral and gut microbiomes. While extensive research has focused on the role of gut dysbiosis in ADRD, the contribution of the oral microbiome remains relatively understudied. Furthermore, the potential synergistic interactions between oral and gut microbiomes in ADRD pathology are largely unexplored. This study aims to evaluate distinct patterns and potential synergistic effects of oral and gut microbiomes in a cohort of predominantly Hispanic individuals with cognitive impairment (CI) and without cognitive impairment (NC). We conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing on stool and saliva samples from 32 participants (17 CI, 15 NC; 62.5% female, mean age = 70.4 ± 6.2 years) recruited in San Antonio, Texas, USA. Correlation analysis through MaAslin2 assessed the relationship between participants' clinical measurements (e.g., fasting glucose and blood cholesterol) and their gut and saliva microbial contents. Differential abundance analysis evaluated taxa with significant differences between CI and NC groups, and alpha and beta diversity metrics assessed within-sample and group compositional differences. Our analyses revealed no significant differences between NC and CI groups in fasting glucose or blood cholesterol levels. However, a clear association was observed between gut microbiome composition and levels of fasting glucose and blood cholesterol. While alpha and beta diversity metrics showed no significant differences between CI and NC groups, differential abundance analysis revealed an increased presence of oral genera such as Dialister , Fretibacterium , and Mycoplasma in CI participants. Conversely, CI individuals exhibited a decreased abundance of gut genera, including Shuttleworthia , Holdemania , and Subdoligranulum , which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. No evidence was found for synergistic contributions between oral and gut microbiomes in the context of ADRD. Our findings suggest that similar to the gut microbiome, the oral microbiome undergoes significant modifications as individuals transition from NC to CI. Notably, the identified oral microbes have been previously associated with periodontal diseases and gingivitis. These results underscore the necessity for further investigations with larger sample sizes to validate our findings and elucidate the complex interplay between oral and gut microbiomes in ADRD pathogenesis.

Gut microbe composition and metabolic syndrome

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in swine health and performance, with diet as a key modulator. Euglena gracilis supplementation has shown immunomodulatory effects that benefit sows and piglets. However, its prebiotic effect on gut microbiota remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of maternal E. gracilis supplementation on gut microbiota, piglet body weight, and the incidence of diarrhea. Sixty-one crossbred sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were assigned to either a standard diet (Control; n = 30) or a standard diet supplemented with 1g/sow/day of E. gracilis (E. gracilis; n = 31) from day 85 of gestation until day 21 of lactation. On day 109 of gestation, 30 sows (15/group) were randomly selected for performance assessment and fecal sample collection. After farrowing, one corresponding piglet per selected sow (15/group) was randomly chosen for fecal sampling. In total, 180 fecal samples were collected, 90 from sows and 90 from piglets. Sow samples (15/group/timepoint) were collected on day 109 of gestation and days 3 and 21 of lactation, while piglet samples (15/group/timepoint) were collected on days 3, 10, and 21 of age. Gut microbial composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Piglet body weight was measured from birth until weaning, while the incidence of diarrhea was monitored from days 1 to 21 of age. On average, the number of piglets alive at birth and weaning was 13.9 ± 2.4 and 10.9 ± 2.2 piglets/litter, respectively. Piglets nursed by E. gracilis-supplemented sows had greater body weight at weaning (+ 0.28kg; P = 0.100) and a lower incidence of diarrhea on days 10 (P ≤ 0.05), 11 (P ≤ 0.10), and 12 (P ≤ 0.05) of age. For alpha diversity, E. gracilis-supplemented sows exhibited a lower Chao1 index on day 21 of lactation (P ≤ 0.05), while a higher Inverse Simpson index on day 3 (P ≤ 0.05) and both Inverse Simpson and Shannon indices on day 21 (P ≤ 0.05) of lactation. In piglets, the Inverse Simpson index was lower on day 10 of age in those nursed by E. gracilis-supplemented sows (P ≤ 0.10). Gut microbial composition revealed that E. gracilis-supplemented sows exhibited a higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (g_Prevotella and o_Bacteroidales) and Spirochaetes (g_Treponema), while lower Firmicutes (g_Clostridium and f_Peptostreptococcaceae) than control sows, during the lactation period. Similarly, piglets nursed by E. gracilis-supplemented sows had higher Bacteroidetes (g_Bacteroides) and Proteobacteria (g_Escherichia) but lower Firmicutes (g_Lactobacillus) during the suckling period than those nursed by control sows. The non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed a correlation between piglet gut microbiota in those nursed by E. gracilis-supplemented sows and their body weight on days 10 (P = 0.094) and 21 (P = 0.031) of age. Maternal E. gracilis supplementation during late gestation and lactation exerts prebiotic effects, alters both sow and piglet gut microbiota, and potentially reduces piglet diarrhea incidence and tends to increase piglet body weight.

Specific Gut Microbiome Changes in Myelodysplastic Neoplasms Linked to Inflammation

GUT MICROBIOME ALTERATIONS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH CSF BIOMARKERS

Analysis of the dynamic changes in gut microbiota in patients with extremely severe burns by 16S ribosomal RNA high-throughput sequencing technology

Gut Microbiota and Host Cometabolism Are Altered by Patiromer-Induced Changes in Serum and Stool Potassium

Over 40% of Samoans have at least one copy of the minor A allele at rs373863828 in encoding CREB3 regulatory factor (CREBRF), which is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) but decreased odds of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms underlying this paradoxical effect remain unknown. We hypothesized that gut microbiota may play a role and examined associations between CREBRF genotype and gut microbial diversity and composition among Samoan infants. Fecal samples were collected from Samoan infants aged 0 (n = 23), 4 (n = 20), and 21 (n = 27) mo. Microbiota community structure was analyzed using 16S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses revealed no associations between CREBRF genotype and overall microbiome composition or diversity at 0 or 4 mo. Cross-sectional analysis at 21 mo revealed a significant association between genotype and unweighted UniFrac distances (F1,24 = 1.855, R2 = 0.072, P = 0.015). Longitudinal differential abundance analysis also revealed several differentially abundant taxa at 21 mo. Notably, the AG genotype was associated with a lower relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella (β = -6.741, SE = 2.243, P = 0.004, q = 0.042). Significant genotype differences in gut microbiome composition and diversity at 21 mo suggest that gut microbiota may be involved in relationships between CREBRF genotype and metabolic health. No genotype differences were observed at 0 or 4 mo, suggesting that environmental and/or maternal variables have a greater influence on the gut microbiome in early infancy, and genotype effects emerge later. Further research should examine whether genotype differences in gut microbiota are associated with functional differences in metabolic or immune signaling pathways or energy extraction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Missense variant rs373863828 in CREBRF is associated with higher odds of obesity but lower odds of diabetes among Polynesians. We examined associations between CREBRF genotype and gut microbial diversity and composition among Samoan infants and identified significant differences at age 21 mo but not at age 0 or 4 mo. These results suggest that gut microbiota may contribute to the mechanisms through which CREBRF genotype impacts metabolic health.

Simple SummaryAs an invasive pest in China, the moth Tuta absoluta has spread extremely quickly, and now causes serious harm to the Chinese tomato industry. Understanding gut microbial diversity and composition can potentially identify the adaptive potential of introduced species. In this study, we found there were no significant differences in microbial diversity among three geographical populations, and the gut microbial compositions were similar among the Spanish, Xinjiang and Yunnan geographical populations.Microorganisms in the guts of insects enhance the adaptability of their hosts with different lifestyles, or those that live in different habitats. Tuta absoluta is an invasive pest that is a serious threat to tomato production in China. It has quickly spread and colonized Xinjiang, Yunnan and other provinces and regions. We used Illumina HiSeq next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to study and analyze the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of three geographical populations of T. absoluta. At the phylum level, the most common bacteria in T. absoluta across all three geographical populations were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. An uncultured bacterium in the Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant bacterial genus in the T. absoluta gut microbiotas. There were no significant differences in alpha diversity metrics among the Spanish, Yunnan and Xinjiang populations. The structures of the gut microbiota of the three populations were similar based on PCoA and NMDS results. The results confirmed that the microbial structures of T. absoluta from different regions were similar.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common digestive disorder, with necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) occurring in 20% of cases. Long-term complications can include pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency, with gut microbiota (GM) playing a significant role in pancreatic diseases. Although previous studies have established a connection between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the onset of necrotizing pancreatitis, the composition of GM in patients who have experienced post-NP post-necrotizing pancreatitis remains largely unexamined. We conducted a single-center, prospective, long-term follow-up study of 88 participants, including 68 NP patients and 20 healthy controls. NP patients were divided into NP (onset-NP) and PNP groups based on disease progression. Gut microbial diversity and composition were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatic analyses such as Alpha and Beta diversity metrics, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), and functional pathway predictions. Clinical data were correlated with GM profiles to evaluate associations. 29.5% and 19.1% of NP patients progressed to pancreatic endocrine and exocrine insufficiency, respectively. Alpha and Beta diversity analyses revealed significantly lower microbial diversity in NP and PNP groups. Dysbiosis was characterized by a reduction in beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bacteroidaceae, and an increase in opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus and Enterobacter. Functional prediction suggested disruptions in cellular processes, including apoptosis and necroptosis, and links to pathways associated with inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Correlation analyses demonstrated significant associations between GM alterations and clinical markers of inflammation, such as IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and Procalcitonin (PCT). Our findings highlight distinct GM profiles in NP and PNP patients compared to healthy controls, with partial recovery of beneficial flora in PNP patients. The study underscores the role of GM dysbiosis in NP progression and long-term outcomes, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets and strategies to improve patient management and quality of life. Future studies should explore multicenter validations and the mechanisms linking GM alterations to clinical outcomes.

Muscadine Grape Extract Reduces Lung and Liver Metastasis in Mice with Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Association with Changes in the Gut Microbiome (P05-017-19)