Resilience as a mediator of the relationship between perceived social support and public health emergency-related post-traumatic growth among medical staff.

Effect of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With COVID-19

In the context of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, medical staff have experienced traumatic stress events. Research on post-traumatic growth (PTG) was limited. We aimed to assess the relationship between perceived social support and PTG among medical staff 3 weeks after the policy opening of COVID-19 pandemic in Nanjing, China and explore the mediating roles of deliberate rumination. A multicenter study including a total of 842 medical staff was conducted at two general hospitals from December 10, 2022, to December 25, 2022, in Nanjing, China. SPSS was used for statistical description and univariate analysis, and AMOS was used for structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the medicating effect of deliberate social support on PTG. In the SEM, the total effect of perceived social support on PTG was significant (β = .332, 95% CI [0.259, 0.408], p < .001). In addition, deliberate rumination played a mediating role between perceived social support and PTG, and the indirect effect of deliberate rumination between perceived social support and PTG was −.036 (95 % CI [−0.059, −0.018], p < .001). Perceived social support has significant direct and indirect effects on PTG. In the context of major public health emergencies, providing medical staff with more social support and guiding them to reflect positively could help medical staff achieve PTG after experiencing a traumatic event.

Objective: To explore the help seeking efficacy and social assistance willingness of medical staff during major public health events, so as to provide basis for improving the psychological resources and service quality of medical staff and further optimizing the prevention and treatment policies. Methods: In February 2020, a convenient sampling method was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey on medical staff in Henan Province, and a total of 2136 questionnaires were collected. Among them, there were 1940 valid questionnaires, and the effective recovery rate was 90.82%. The questionnaire of help seeking efficacy and willingness to social assistance under epidemic situation was used to investigate the help seeking efficacy and willingness of medical staff. The frequency and rate (%) were used to analyze the overall situation of medical staff's help seeking efficacy and social assistance willingness. The differences among different demographic variables were tested by χ(2) test. Results: Among the 1940 medical and nursing staff, 18.81% (365/1940) did not know how to obtain appropriate psychological assistance. Compared with the low age group, the medical staff in the high age group had the ability of information query, the ability to occupy knowledge resources, the ability to distinguish rumors and facts and the sense of efficacy of obtaining appropriate medical help, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The willingness of medical and nursing staff to actively cooperate with the government, maintain social stability and volunteer work were 99.43% (1929/1940) , 98.81% (1917/1940) and 97.11% (1884/1940) . Conclusion: The medical staff had a higher sense of help seeking efficacy and willingness to social assistance. It is necessary to further strengthen the resource support of psychological, social and humanistic care for medical staff.

AimTo explore the factors associated with the coping styles in medical staff while providing emergency aid during public health emergencies.Subject and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate medical and nursing staff members from four hospitals in Zhejiang Province who participated in emergency assistance in Shanghai during the Omicron pandemic in April 2022.ResultsSixty-nine out of 74 subjects completed the questionnaire. Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that psychological resilience (β = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.08, p = 0.001) and social support (β = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.06, 2.01, p = 0.039) were correlated with positive coping (β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.57, p < 0.001), and friend support (β = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.28, 1.02, p = 0.001) significantly influenced positive coping.ConclusionSocial support and psychological resilience are the main factors associated with the coping styles of medical staff. Tenacity and friend support are the main additional influencing factors for positive coping.

Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has imposed unprecedented stress and challenges upon medical staff, potentially resulting in posttraumatic growth (PTG). This scoping review aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on PTG among medical staff during the pandemic by identifying its current status and potential influencing factors. The findings may provide a foundation for future research and interventions to enhance the medical staff’s psychological resilience and well-being.MethodsLiterature was systematically searched on PTG among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic from 01 January 2020 to 31 December 2022. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), and Wanfang Data. Eligibility criteria included: (1) medical staff as research subjects; (2) a focus on “posttraumatic growth” or “alternative posttraumatic growth” related to the COVID-19 outbreak and pandemic; (3) discussion of the situation and influencing factors of PTG; and (4) study types, such as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Two researchers independently selected and extracted study characteristics (study design, study population, region, measurement instruments, and primary outcomes) from the included literature. The data were synthesized qualitatively and descriptively.ResultsThirty-six papers from 12 countries met the inclusion criteria. Moderate PTG levels were observed among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, with emphasis on “interpersonal relationships,” “changes in life philosophy,” and “growth in personal competence.” Influencing factors included trauma exposure, sociodemographics, psychological characteristics (resilience and positive qualities), coping, and social support.ConclusionsThis review discovered moderate PTG levels among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, with critical areas in interpersonal relationships, life philosophy, and personal competence. The identified influencing factors can inform future research and interventions to enhance healthcare workers’ psychological resilience and well-being.

Objective To assess the prevalence and severity of burnout in medical staffs, and investigate associated demographic, perceived social support and job burnout. Methods Totally 618 medical staffs form Sichuan province people's hospital were selected by the systematic sampling method, and were tested by general state questionnaire, job burnout questionnaire and perceived social support scale. Results ①The prevalence of job burnout was 75.6%, including mild job burnout (36.1%), moderate (32.2%), severe (7.3%). ②The scores of emotional exhaustion in the female medical staffs(20.50±8.35) was higher than the male medical staffs (19.07±7.76, P<0.05). Divorced medical staffs had higher scores(18.28±7.13) than that of single and married medical staffs (15.05±5.00) in low personal accomplishment (P< 0.01). The medical personnel of different ages were statistically significant difference in total job burnout scores, emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation (F=4.475, 3.061, 3.942, all P<0.05). The medical personnel of different post, professional title and working years were statistically significant difference in total job burnout scores and emotional exhaustion (F=6.920, 13.968; 3.506, 3.391; 3.190, 3.300, all P< 0.05). The medical personnel of different educational attainment were statistically significant difference in total job burnout scores, emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment(F=6.218, 2.837, 2.850, all P<0.05). ③Correlation analysis found that emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, low personal accomplishment and total job burnout respectively with family support, friend support, and other support and total social support was significantly negative correlation (r=-0.126~-0.403, P<0.01). ④Regression analysis showed that education, family and friends support were protective factors for total job burnout(OR=-0.248, 95% CI=0.625-0.975; OR=-0.084, 95% CI=0.862-0.980; OR=-0.091, 95% CI=0.860-0.968; all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of job burnout is high in medical staffs. The medical staffs of different sex, age, title, jobs, education, working years, marital status are showed the differences job burnout scores, which is closely related to the perceived social support. Key words: Medical staff; Job burnout; Social support

Psychological strains, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical and non-medical staff in urban china

Objective To explore the effect of social support and coping style on posttraumatic growth of ostomy patients. Methods A total of 237 patients with ostomy from Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were investigated using General questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory by cross-sectional survey method from September 2017 to March 2018. The path of social support and coping style on post-traumatic growth was established by correlation analysis and structural equation model. Results The total score of posttraumatic growth in patients with ostomy was (66.76±12.20) points, which was at the upper-middle level. Correlation analysis showed that posttraumatic growth was positively correlated with comprehension of social support (r=0.551, P <0.01), positively correlated with face style (r=0.580, P < 0.01), negatively correlated with avoidance style and resignation style (r=-0.334, P < 0.01; r=-0.449, P < 0.01). Structural equation model showed social support had directly positive effect on posttraumatic growth, path coefficient were 0.44. Face style, avoidance style, and resignation style had a partial mediating effect between social support and posttraumatic growth, and mediation effects account for 20.01%, 5.21%, 9.25% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusions The posttraumatic growth level of patients with ostomy needs to be improved. Medical staff should strengthen social support for patients and guide patients to adopt the positive coping styles, reduce the avoidance and resignation coping styles, and promote patients to get more posttraumatic growth, furthermore, improve their social adaptability and quality of life. Key words: Ostomy; Posttraumatic growth; Social support; Coping style, path analysis

Objectives: We investigated the perceived post-traumatic growth of medical staff during the treatment period of COVID-19 in China, explored the impact of cognitive capital on post-traumatic growth, verified the moderating effect of optimistic personality, and put forward suggestions that could effectively promote individual post-traumatic growth after the epidemic. Methods: Through statistical survey, we collected data from 760 medical staff on duty during the treatment of COVID-19 from 19 provinces. The hypotheses are tested using correlation analysis, hierarchical regression, bootstrap analysis and so on. Results: The investigated medical staff had obvious post-traumatic growth after COVID-19 treatment. It had been confirmed that cognitive capital could effectively advance post-traumatic growth by boosting the individual’s perceived organizational identity. High optimistic personality had moderating effect on the mediating relations between cognitive capital and post-traumatic growth through perceived organizational identity. Conclusion: Optimistic individuals were better at using cognitive capital for personal growth. Organizations should attach importance to the positive effects of individual cognitive capital, and promoted the formation of post-traumatic growth by forming the shared vision and advocating the shared language within the organization.

Is it ethical to be a 'whistleblower' during COVID-19 pandemic? Ethical challenges confronted by health care workers in China.

BackgroundEvidence suggests that PTSD symptoms following public health emergencies are influenced by many factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and to explore the chain-mediated role of resilience and positive coping style, among medical staff in Hubei Province, China, during a public health emergency.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to select medical staff from two general hospitals in Hubei Province in July 2022 for this study. A total of 2,751 medical staff were included in the study. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, 10- itemConnor- Davidson resilience scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and The Post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist for DSM-5 were used to assess the levels of perceived social support, resilience, coping style and Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms of medical staff two years after the public health emergency. Statistical descriptions were conducted using SPSS, and a structural equation model was established using AMOS to analyze the chain-mediated roles of resilience and positive coping style between perceived social support and Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.ResultsStructural equation modeling results showed a standardized total effect of perceived social support on Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms of -0.416 (95%CI [-0.456, -0.374], P < 0.001). Resilience mediated the effect of perceived social support and Post-traumatic stress disorder, with an indirect effect of -0.016 ( 95%CI [0.031, 0.001], P = 0.038). Positive coping mediated the effect of perceived social support and Post-traumatic stress disorder, with an indirect effect of -0.024 (95%CI [-0.035, -0.014], P < 0.001). Resilience and positive coping style chain-mediated between perceived social support and Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, mediating 17.1% of the total effect.ConclusionPerceived social support has significant direct and indirect effects on Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and resilience. In addition, positive coping style act as chain mediators between perceived social support and Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. We suggest that strengthening perceived social support for medical staff can enhance their resilience, encouraging them to adopt positive coping, which in turn reduces the level of post-traumatic stress symptoms among medical staff following public health emergencies.

Rapidly organize redeployed medical staff in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: what we should do.

Objective To explore cost of standard operation procedure of primary public healthcare services. Methods Standard operation procedure of primary public healthcare services was put forward according to national basic public healthcare service standards (2011 edition) in 2012.Random sampling method was used to choose participants from two community sanitary service centers, two township healthcare centers and one maternity and child healthcare hospital.Service standard operation procedure was used to measure human cost and supportive cost of public healthcare services. Results Management of 10 thousand patients who had different diseases needed various numbers of medical staff (MS), such as health profile needed 3.4 MS, hypertension management needed 10.8 MS, diabetes management needed 10.6 MS, elderly people care needed 9.2 MS, child care needed 4.6 MS, maternal care needed 24.3 MS, psychosis management needed 13.3 MS, and planned immunity for children needed 4.6 MS.Besides, the people whole covered service projects need 2.4 MS per 100 thousand people.The research showed that managing 1 sample of different kind people needed different human cost, such as health profile needed 22.67 yuan, hypertension management needed 72.69 yuan, planned immunity for children needed 30.68 yuan, diabetes management needed 71.34 yuan, old people management needed 61.50 yuan, child care needed 30.88 yuan, maternal care needed 157.15 yuan, psychosis management needed 74.25 yuan.Besides, the people whole covered service projects needed 124.9 thousand yuan per 100 thousand people. Conclusion For primary public healthcare service project, it should be critical to modify manning regulation and labor costs. Key words: Public health; Costs and cost analysis; Time

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had impact that may contribute to a rise in mental health problems. The present study was aimed to better understand psychological status among medical staff and medical students during the early epidemic and to explore the influence factors of psychological distress.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online from February 2–14, 2020. We collected general information related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Respondents were assessed using the Kessler-6 Psychological Distress Scale (K6), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors influencing psychological distress.Results: Five hundred and twenty-eight respondents returned valid questionnaires. Medical staff and Medical students scored averages of 6.77 ± 5.04, 15.48 ± 8.66 on the K6, 37.22 ± 11.39, 22.62 ± 11.25 on the SSRS and 18.52 ± 7.54, 28.49 ± 11.17 on the PSS, respectively. Most medical staff (279, 91.77%) and 148 medical students (66.07%) showed a positive coping style. Social support, perceived stress, hours spent watching epidemic-related information per day and frequency of epidemic-related dreams were identified as factors influencing psychological distress among medical staff and medical students. Coping style emerged as a determinant of psychological distress among medical staff.Conclusions: In the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, medical staff and medical students were at moderate to high risk of psychological distress. Our results suggest that psychological interventions designed to strengthen social support, reduce perceived stress and adopt a positive coping style may be effective at improving the mental health of medical staff and medical students.