Abstract
One of the alternatives for achieving sustainable agriculture and a reduction in production costs, especially with phosphate fertilisers, is to inoculate seeds with bacteria of the genus Azospirillum. The aim of this study therefore, was to evaluate residual phosphate fertilisation and Azospirillum brasilense, together with the contribution of straw from maize intercropped with Marandu grass, on leaf nutritional content, yield components and winter bean yield. The experiment was carried out on the Teaching and Research Farm, of the School of Engineering at UNESP, located in Selviria in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, in a typic clayey dystrophic Red Latosol. The experimental design was of randomised blocks with four replications in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of beans sown on straw from maize intercropped with Marandu grass on areas that had received five levels of P2O5 in the form of MAP, applied during an initial cultivation of black oats (0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 kg ha-1), both with and without inoculation of the oat and maize which preceded the beans with Azospirillum brasilense. Leaf nutrient content, leaf chlorophyll index (ICF), yield components and bean productivity were all evaluated. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense of the black oat and maize seeds improved the nutritional status of the plants, but had a negative effect on grain yield. Fertilisation of the oat crop with phosphorus had a positive residual effect on the beans, with increases in yield components and grain yield.
Highlights
IntroductionThe common bean is one of the main annual species adaptable to No Tillage System (NTS), with high productivity and great relevance in aspersion-irrigation systems during the intercrop period (FARINELLI; LEMOS, 2010)
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the staple food of millions of Brazilians (MELÉM JUNIOR et al, 2011), is a legume of the utmost importance and high social significance, with a winter production of 1.222 kg ha-1 in 662,000 ha (CONAB, 2015).In cultivated areas, the common bean is one of the main annual species adaptable to No Tillage System (NTS), with high productivity and great relevance in aspersion-irrigation systems during the intercrop period (FARINELLI; LEMOS, 2010)
Previous cultures featured bean in current research, maize-Marandu grass intercropping and black oats, as in the sequence: black oats - maize intercropped with U. brizantha cv
Summary
The common bean is one of the main annual species adaptable to No Tillage System (NTS), with high productivity and great relevance in aspersion-irrigation systems during the intercrop period (FARINELLI; LEMOS, 2010). In low altitude savannah regions, the agriculturelivestock integration by the intercropping of two types of grasses improves grain and forage production during the summer and later in straw formation for the sowing of winter crops (BORGHI; CRUSCIOL, 2007). Fertilized tropical forages increase the production of dry matter and nutrients by organic matter, with a later enhancement by beans in succession (FIORENTIN et al, 2012). Straw coverage demonstrates its initial importance in soil and water conservation and, in the long run, it improves chemical, physical and biological fertility conditions (VILELA et al, 2011), enhancing stability to the system and increase in the crops grain productivity. Straw coverage demonstrates its initial importance in soil and water conservation and, in the long run, it improves chemical, physical and biological fertility conditions (VILELA et al, 2011), enhancing stability to the system and increase in the crops grain productivity. (CHIODEROLI et al, 2012)
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