Research progress on the multidimensional mechanisms underlying impaired spermatogenesis induced by pathological microenvironment remodeling in chronic prostatitis.

Use of the UPOINT Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Classification in European Patient Cohorts: Sexual Function Domain Improves Correlations

EVALUATION OF THE BACTERIAL FLORA OF THE PROSTATE USING A 16S rRNA GENE BASED POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

6-Day Intensive Treatment Protocol for Refractory Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Using Myofascial Release and Paradoxical Relaxation Training

Clustering of UPOINT Domains and Subdomains in Men with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Contribution to Symptom Severity

Reply by the Authors

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value and potentially protective capacity of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) in chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). In this study, seminal plasma levels of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) and HSP70 were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 80 men: 15 healthy controls, 16 men with chronic bacterial prostatitis, 23 men with CP/CPPS IIIA and 26 with CP/CPPS IIIB. The HSP70 levels in chronic bacterial prostatitis and CP/CPPS patients were correlated with chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI). Significantly increased levels of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and HSP70 were observed in seminal plasmas from patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis compared with CP/CPPS patients and controls. However, only IL-1β was significantly elevated compared with CP/CPPS IIIB and controls in patients with CP/CPPS IIIA. HSP70 levels in CP/CPPS patients were significantly lower than that in controls. HSP70 concentration in seminal plasma was negatively correlated with CPSI in chronic bacterial prostatitis. The results indicated that HSP70 and IL-1β appear to be the most reliable and predictive surrogate markers to diagnose chronic bacterial prostatitis and CP/CPPS, respectively. HSP70 has an important protective role in the regulation of cell functions in chronic bacterial prostatitis. CP/CPPS would probably be detrimental to the ability of T cells and consequently suppress the expression of HSP70.

Multidisciplinary approach to prostatitis.

PREVALENCE OF PROSTATITIS-LIKE SYMPTOMS IN A POPULATION BASED STUDY USING THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CHRONIC PROSTATITIS SYMPTOM INDEX

Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common and persistent urological pain condition often accompanied by lower urinary tract and sexual dysfunction symptomatology, and currently of indeterminate etiology. The condition presently lacks effective and satisfactory treatment options. Studies that have explored the characteristic symptoms and ways of coping in men diagnosed with CP/CPPS report that they experience substantial physical and psychological problems, particularly in the realms of depression, anxiety, quality of life, perceived stress, physiological stress reactivity, and pain catastrophizing. These documented biopsychosocial correlates of CP/CPPS have demonstrated significant associations with the symptomatology associated with chronic prostatitis syndromes, such as pain intensity and pain-related disability (Ullrich, Turner, Ciol, & Berger, 2005). Recent advancements aimed at improving both understanding and intervention of chronic pelvic pain syndrome have focused on psychoemotional and psychosocial facets of the development, course, and prognosis of the disorder. Social problem-solving (SPS) refers to the dynamic interplay between the affective, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of real-world problem-solving (Nezu, Nezu, & D'Zurilla, 2013). Despite evidence for the role of SPS in various adjustment outcomes of other chronic pain populations, including patients coping with migraine/tension headaches, back pain, and noncardiac chest pain, this construct has yet to be formally assessed in the CP/CPPS population (Eskin, Akyol, Celik, & Gultekin, 2013; Siemonsma, Stuive, Roorda, Vollebregt, Lankhorst, & Lettinga, 2011; Nezu, Nezu, Jain, Shepanski Xanthopoulos, Cos, Friedman, & Lee, 2007; Nezu, Maguth Nezu, & Jain, 2008). As a result, the present study examined the significance of correlations between social problem-solving (measured by the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised; SPSI-R), chronic prostatitis symptomatology (reported on the National Institutes of Health - Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Inventory; NIH-CPSI), the experience of daily life stress (reported on the Survey of Recent Life Experiences Scale; SRLE) and perceived stress (measured by the Perceived Stress Scale; PSS), in males diagnosed with CP/CPPS. Additionally, this investigation conducted a hierarchical multiple regression in order to assess the utility of SPS in predicting CP/CPPS symptoms, while accounting for daily life hassles and perceived stress, respectively. Finally, the potential moderating function of SPS in the relationship between daily life stress experiences and CP/CPPS symptoms and between perceived stress and CP/CPPS symptoms was explored. Significant results regarding the two distinct stress measures, the SRLE and PSS, were compared for any notable, differential associations with the variables of interest that might suggest the unique contribution of these constructs to CP/CPPS. As hypothesized, total SPS was found to be significantly associated with total CP/CPPS symptomatology on the NIH-CPSI. Additionally, SPS significantly predicted symptoms above and beyond the experience of perceived stress on the PSS, but not the experience of daily stress on the SRLE. Finally, no support was found for the hypothesis that SPS would be a significant moderator of the stress - symptom relationship for either the perception or experience of stress. However, data collection remains ongoing. In the event that the final results of this investigation highlight SPS as a promising target of treatment intervention in alleviating the symptomatology of males diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain, future research will focus on the implementation and efficacy of Problem-Solving Therapy (PST) for CP/CPPS as a viable avenue of psychosocial treatment.

Painful Myofascial Trigger Points and Pain Sites in Men With Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

THE CHRONIC PROSTATITIS-CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME CAN BE CHARACTERIZED BY PROSTATIC TISSUE PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common pelvic pain syndrome in males, seriously affecting patients' quality of life. For a long time, CP/CPPS has been considered a complex and variable disease, and its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Currently, CP/CPPS is believed to be a group of diseases characterized by pelvic pain or discomfort, urinary abnormalities, and other symptoms, each with its unique etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes, likely resulting from the action of pathogens or (and) certain non-infectious factors. Traditionally, CP/CPPS was thought to be unrelated to bacterial infections. However, in recent years, with the development of microbiology and the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, an increasing number of studies have suggested that microorganisms in the reproductive system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CP/CPPS. The unique characteristics of CP/CPPS, such as its refractory nature and tendency to recur, may be closely related to the microbiota and their biological functions in the reproductive system. The relationship between CP/CPPS and reproductive system microorganisms is one of the current hot topics in microbiology and urology, receiving considerable attention from scholars in recent years and making a series of new advances. Through this review, we will comprehensively explore the relationship between CP/CPPS and reproductive system microorganisms, and look forward to future research directions, aiming to provide new ideas and methods for clinical diagnosis and treatment, thereby improving the treatment outcomes and quality of life of CP/CPPS patients.

Evidence for Overlap Between Urological and Nonurological Unexplained Clinical Conditions

1089 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN 70 EXPRESSION IN THE SEMINAL PLASMA OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC BACTERIAL PROSTATITIS AND CHRONIC PROSTATITIS/CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME

PREDICTORS OF PATIENT RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY FOR THE CHRONIC PROSTATITIS/CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME: A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIAL