Research progress in the preparation of electromagnetic wave absorbing and corrosion resistant nanofiber materials by electrospinning

Recent progress on the electromagnetic wave absorption of one-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials

To meet the rigorous demands placed on electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing (EWA) materials by harsh service conditions and to reduce EM wave power density, the development of ceramic‐based EWA materials with high reliability and stability has become a subject of significant focus. In this study, yttrium silicide carbide interphase was in situ synthesized on silicon carbide fibers to fabricate Y₃Si₂C₂–SiCf composite fibers by the molten salt method. These fibers were then incorporated into a mullite ceramic matrix, and Y₃Si₂C₂–SiCf/mullite composites were prepared by gel injection molding, aiming at enhancing the EWA properties. The Y₃Si₂C₂–SiCf/mullite composite exhibited a reflection loss of −28.97 dB at 2.44 mm thickness and an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.066 GHz, outperforming pure mullite and SiCf/mullite composites due to the addition of Y₃Si₂C₂–SiCf. A modified Drude–Lorentz model was developed to capture the multi‐peak permittivity behavior of Y₃Si₂C₂–SiCf/mullite composites. The results showed that dipole relaxation and hopping migration of localized electrons played key roles in the overall microwave energy attenuation, which closely matched the experimental data. Furthermore, simulations of the electric field distribution and radar cross‐section confirmed the superior energy loss capability and practical application potential of Y₃Si₂C₂–SiCf/mullite composites. This study offers valuable theoretical insights into the design and application of SiCf‐reinforced ceramic‐based EWA materials.

A quantitative permittivity model for designing electromagnetic wave absorption materials with conduction loss: A case study with microwave-reduced graphene oxide

Transition metal carbides towards electromagnetic wave absorption application: State of the art and perspectives

The vital application of rare earth for future high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials: A review

Bridging microscopic phase and defect manipulation with macroscopic core-sheath-shell structure for polarization-dominated electromagnetic wave absorption

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives are developing family of functional materials for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. Their tailored structures, controllable compositions, high porosity, and versatile functions offer immense advantages for the construction of excellent EMW absorption materials. Nevertheless, it is crucial and challenging to understand the unique role of rationally designing art and tailoring the microstructures of MOF‐derived materials for EMW absorption. In this review, advances in rational architectural design strategy and the elaborate control of microstructures are outlined to promote the EMW absorption performance of MOF‐derived materials. In addition, the derived key information regarding the superiority and composition–structure–performance relationships of the engineered MOF‐derived materials with advanced components and nanostructures is comprehensively summarized. Finally, the insight into the challenges of future development in MOF‐derived EMW absorption materials is presented.

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) materials due to its designable crystal structure, variable electromagnetic properties, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, the impedance mismatch owing to the high electric and dielectric conductivity severely hinders the application of HEAs in the field of EMA. Herein, the lattice distortion of FeCoNiCu HEA is manipulated accurately by doping and annealing strategies to tailor the EMA properties. Significant lattice distortion is observed in the FeCoNiCuC0.37, which leads to a decrease in the electrical conductivity and the creation of abundant dipoles. Owing to the optimal impedance matching and boosted polarization loss, the FeCoNiCuC0.37 delivers a minimal reflection loss of −65.4 dB accompanied by an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.81 GHz. After annealing at 200 °C, the EAB of the FeCoNiCuC0.37 is further increased to 7.99 GHz at 1.95 mm, which is better than that of most HEA‐based EMA absorbers reported so far. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance owing to the more tortuous diffusion path of corrosive medium origin from lattice distortion. Thus, the study provides a new insight into designing high performance HEA‐based EMA materials with superior anti‐corrosion property by lattice distortion engineering.

Widespread electromagnetic (EM) interference and pollution have become major issues due to the rapid advancement of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication technology and devices. Recent advances in high-entropy (HE) materials have opened new opportunities for exploring EM wave absorption abilities to address the issues. The lattice distortion effect of structures, the synergistic effect of multi-element components, and multiple dielectric/magnetic loss mechanisms can offer extensive possibilities for optimizing the balance between impedance matching and attenuation ability, resulting in superior EM wave absorption performance. This review gives a comprehensive review on the recent progress of HE materials for EM wave absorption. We begin with the fundamentals of EM wave absorption materials and the superiority of HE absorbers. Discussions of advanced synthetic methods, in-depth characterization techniques, and electronic properties, especially with regard to regulatable electronic structures through band engineering of HE materials are highlighted. This review also covers current research advancements in a wide variety of HE materials for EM wave absorption, including HE alloys, HE ceramics (mainly HE oxides, carbides, and borides), and other novel HE systems. Finally, insights into future directions for the further development of high-performance HE EM wave absorbers are provided.

Construction of CoFe2O4/MXene hybrids with plentiful heterointerfaces for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption through dielectric-magnetic cooperation strategy

Plentiful heterogeneous interfaces coupling in hydrangea-like NiMn-LDH decorated MXene hybrids for enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption

Construction of three-dimensional porous network Fe-rGO aerogels with monocrystal magnetic Fe3O4@C core-shell structure nanospheres for enhanced microwave absorption

Smart shape memory composite foam enabled rapid and conformal manipulation of electromagnetic wave absorption performance

Super broadband absorbing hierarchical CoFe alloy/porous carbon@carbon nanotubes nanocomposites derived from metal-organic frameworks

Hierarchical pore structures offer a promising strategy for developing high‐performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials with a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, reflection loss −10 dB) and reduced thickness. In this work, hyperbranched siloxane (HBPSi), featuring unparalleled 3D structure and high thermal stability, is integrated into polyimide (PI)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite aerogels to fabricate a hierarchical pore architecture simply, resulting composite PI aerogels with macro‐mesoporous structures exhibit exceptional EMW absorption, excellent mechanical properties, and low thermal conductivities, even with a minimal CNT content of just 7.45 wt.%. This intricate hierarchical pore structure of composite PI aerogels optimizes impedance matching with air, signifying augmented multiple reflections and scattering in the 3D porous structure, thus, the composite PI aerogel with a low density (0.123 g cm−3), minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −51.13 dB and an EAB of 4.4 GHz at a matching thickness of 3.4 mm. The innovative construction of PI/CNT composite aerogels featuring hierarchical structures provides a promising avenue for the advancement of high‐efficiency EMW absorption materials.