Research on water footprint in supply chain perspective: A review

In the increasingly fierce competition market, the main body of the competition gradually changed from the enterprise to the supply chain. At the same time, the opinion that the capability based on the supply chain perspective becomes the main source of enterprise competitive advantages has reached a consensus. However, so far, the capability research system based on the supply chain perspective is chaotic. The concept is not clear, and its dimension division is not unified, which lead to the inability of scholars to talk on the same platform when discussing relevant issues. Therefore, this theory also lacks effective guidance for enterprises in building capability based on the supply chain perspective. Based on the analysis of existing literature, we divide the capability of supply chain perspective into four aspects: supply chain capability, supply chain management ability, supply chain dynamic capability and entrepreneurial supply chain capability. First, this paper introduces and analyzes the concept and dimension of the capability based on the supply chain perspective and their related empirical research. Second, from the four aspects of theoretical basis, concept and dimension, research contents and research methods, this article contrasts the similarities and differences among the supply chain capability, supply chain management capability, supply chain dynamic capability as well as entrepreneurial supply chain capability. Finally, this paper constructs the capability research framework based on the supply chain perspective, points out the limitations of existing research, and looks forward to future research. In view of the deficiencies of existing research, we think that future research can obtain from the following aspects: （1） build a more comprehensive capability concept system based on the supply chain perspective and develop the corresponding ability scale; （2） deeply explore the formation and improvement of the ability of different influencing factors on the supply chain perspective; （3） deeply explore the relationship between the capability based on the supply chain perspective and the performance; （4） systematically study the capability based on the supply chain perspective; （5） use more effective data and research methods to explore the capability based on the supply chain perspective. The theoretical value of this paper mainly consists of two aspects: First, it reviews the literature on the capability of the supply chain perspective in detail, clearly defines and compares the connotation and similarities of each concept, constructs a comprehensive research framework, and provides a complete and clear overview of the current research. Second, based on previous research, this paper innovatively puts forward two new constructs of entrepreneurial supply chain capability and entrepreneurial supply chain dynamic capability, which not only enriches the existing research system, but also facilitates the development of research on the supply chain related ability of new enterprises in the future. From the perspective of practice, the research of this paper can guide enterprises to build the capability based on the supply chain perspective from the aspects of supply chain integration, coordination, responsiveness, innovation and learning, and attach importance to the influence of supply chain communication system, market orientation, and other factors on the capability of supply chain perspective to help enterprises improve their performance level.

A water footprint management framework for supply chains under green market behaviour

The aim of this Special Issue is to explore water-related risks and challenges, as well as water management opportunities, in the modern globalised production landscape from an end-to-end supply chain perspective. As environmentally sensitive consumers press for water-friendly products, freshwater resources’ preservation has emerged as a major challenge for leading corporations that are incorporating water management initiatives into their social responsibility agendas to foster the sustainability of their supply chain networks. With respect to the scientific community, although research on water footprint assessment is increasing rapidly, the lack of a systemic integration of the water footprint aspect into the whole spectrum of the supply chain operations is evident. In this context, this Special Issue focuses on the investigation of the impact of water stewardship policies on water use and scarcity minimisation, sustainability performance and supply chain configuration.

Inefficient and irrational use of medicines is a widespread problem at all levels of health care. Lack of discretely documented policies and proce-dures in respect of medicines management in hospitals is unnecessarily straining the meagre resources resulting into poor inflow of benefits to the patients. Per capita wastage from inefficient and irrational use of medicines tends to be greatest in hospitals. Many of these sources of wastage could be reduced if some basic principles of medicine management and use are followed and a comprehensive medicines management policy framework is developed. An efficient and robust medicines management in hospitals ensures rational selection, quantification, procurement, storage, distribu-tion, use and thereby availability of the right drugs in the right quantities, at reasonable prices, and at recognized standards of quality throughout the year without any stock-out periods in between. Effective medicines management is a collaborative process involving many stakeholders that is required for providing the health care system with a road map for con-tinuous improvement in pharmaceutical supply chain including expense containment with specific goals and outcome measures of success. Ex-isting medicines management and supply chain systems within hospitals have several gaps and shortcomings particularly lack of resources and well documented policy framework. Urgent steps are required to assess, evalu-ate, and monitor the functioning of supply chain system for bridging up the gaps and rectification of shortcomings. Priority needs to be accorded towards engaging well-qualified manpower, suitably trained in medicines management across the different levels of care. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Mir Javid Iqbal, Mohammad Ishaq Geer , Parvez Ahmad Dar. Management in Hospitals: A Supply Chain Perspective. SRP. 2017; 8(1): 80-85. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.14 Web Style Mir Javid Iqbal, Mohammad Ishaq Geer , Parvez Ahmad Dar. Management in Hospitals: A Supply Chain Perspective. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=302644569 [Access: March 28, 2021]. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.14 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Mir Javid Iqbal, Mohammad Ishaq Geer , Parvez Ahmad Dar. Management in Hospitals: A Supply Chain Perspective. SRP. 2017; 8(1): 80-85. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.14 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Mir Javid Iqbal, Mohammad Ishaq Geer , Parvez Ahmad Dar. Management in Hospitals: A Supply Chain Perspective. SRP. (2017), [cited March 28, 2021]; 8(1): 80-85. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.14 Harvard Style Mir Javid Iqbal, Mohammad Ishaq Geer , Parvez Ahmad Dar (2017) Management in Hospitals: A Supply Chain Perspective. SRP, 8 (1), 80-85. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.14 Turabian Style Mir Javid Iqbal, Mohammad Ishaq Geer , Parvez Ahmad Dar. 2017. Management in Hospitals: A Supply Chain Reviews in Pharmacy, 8 (1), 80-85. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.14 Chicago Style Mir Javid Iqbal, Mohammad Ishaq Geer , Parvez Ahmad Dar. Medicines Management in Hospitals: A Supply Chain Perspective. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 8 (2017), 80-85. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.14 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Mir Javid Iqbal, Mohammad Ishaq Geer , Parvez Ahmad Dar. Medicines Management in Hospitals: A Supply Chain Perspective. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 8.1 (2017), 80-85. Print. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.14 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Mir Javid Iqbal, Mohammad Ishaq Geer , Parvez Ahmad Dar (2017) Management in Hospitals: A Supply Chain Reviews in Pharmacy, 8 (1), 80-85. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.14

基于水足迹理论的煤制油产业布局评价

5 - Water footprint management in the fashion supply chain: A review of emerging trends and research challenges

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Please check back later for the full article. The water footprint concept broadens the scope of traditional national and corporate water accounting as it has been previously known. It highlights the ways in which water consuming and polluting activities relate to the structure of the global economy, opening a window of opportunity to increase transparency and improve water management along whole-production and supply chains. This concept adds a new dimension to integrated water resources management in a globalized world. The water footprint is a relatively recent indicator. Created in 2002, it aims to quantify the effect of consumption and trade on the use of water resources. Specifically, the water footprint is an indicator of freshwater use that considers both direct and indirect water use of a consumer or producer. For instance, the water footprint of a product refers to the volume of freshwater used to produce the product, tracing the origin of raw material and ingredients along their respective supply chains. This novel indirect component of water use in supply chains is, in many cases, the greatest share of water use, for example, in the food and beverage sector and the apparel industry. Water footprint assessment shows the full water balance, with water consumption and pollution components specified geographically and temporally and with water consumption specified by type of source (e.g., rainwater, groundwater, or surface water). It introduces three components: 1. The blue water footprint refers to the consumption of blue water resources (i.e., surface and groundwater including natural freshwater lakes, manmade reservoirs, rivers, and aquifers) along the supply chain of a product, versus the traditional and restricted water withdrawal measure. 2. The green water footprint refers to consumption through transpiration or evaporation of green water resources (i.e., soilwater originating from rainwater). Green water maintains natural vegetation (e.g., forests, meadows, scrubland, tundra) and rain-fed agriculture, yet plays an important role in most irrigated agriculture as well. Importantly, this kind of water is not quantified in most traditional agricultural water use analyses. 3. The grey water footprint refers to pollution and is defined as the volume of freshwater that is required to assimilate the load of pollutants given natural concentrations for naturally occurring substances and existing ambient water-quality standards. The water footprint concept has been incorporated into public policies and international standards. In 2011, the Water Footprint Network adopted the Water Footprint Assessment Manual, which provides a standardized method and guidelines. In 2014, the International Organization for Standardization adopted a life cycle-based ISO 14046 standard for the water footprint; it offers guidelines to integrate water footprint analysis in life-cycle assessment for products. In practice, water footprint assessment generally results in increased awareness of critical elements in a supply chain, such as hotspots that deserve most attention, and what can be done to improve water management in those hotspots. Water footprint assessment, including the estimation of virtual water trade, applied in different countries and contexts, is producing new data and bringing larger perspectives that, in many cases, lead to a better understanding of the drivers behind water scarcity.

Logistics can be seen as a key competitive factor in the automotive industry due to the rising number of model variants and options. With the increasing importance of logistics (Gunasekaran et al. in Int J Prod Econ 87(3):333–347, 2004), the evaluation of logistics effectiveness and efficiency is gaining increased attention. Logistics performance management (PM) is the key to quantifying the current state and improvement potentials within logistics. To account for the increasing importance of a supply chain, logistics PM needs to start at the supplier and reach at least until the original equipment manufacturer’s (OEM) assembly line. Furthermore, logistics PM needs to be in line with the latest logistics concepts, mainly based on lean logistics. In contrast to the great importance of logistics PM, the literature analysis shows a limited availability of logistics performance measurement systems (PMS), which are actually applicable to industry within a lean logistics context. The systems in the literature are either too high level to be useful to practitioners (e.g. supply chain-orientated systems) or too narrow in focus, and therefore do not cover the supply chain and lean perspectives. In the following paper, a logistics PMS is developed which allows for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of current logistics processes. The developed approach incorporates the latest logistics concepts in the automotive industry, integrates a process orientation with a supply chain perspective, and is defined with the specificity required to enable the implementation within a specific industry context and triggers continuous improvement. The suggested framework is evaluated in an automotive context, presenting a short case study on the implementation of the proposed framework at two sites of a German automotive OEM. Furthermore, future application potentials and development needs are summarised. The paper’s contribution to the literature is in the field of logistics PM, specifically in the automotive industry. It offers a new approach, applicable to automotive logistics, which follows lean principles. For industry, this paper provides specific suggestions for a PMS, as well as performance indicators to holistically monitor the logistics chain. While being generic in terms of its definition, it can be seen as specific enough to be applicable in industry with limited adjustments. It provides practitioners with answers to the question of which performance indicators to use in today’s automotive logistics chain and which indicators serve as a base for continuous improvement.

This paper presents an empirical research approach to developing and implementing a manufacturing technology-selection framework. In this paper, the selection of action research as an empirical research methodology is preferred because it provides the researcher with the necessary flexibility to actively participate in the research activity and to analyse the situation in detail by being part of the research system under investigation. The main objective of this paper is to use action research as an empirical research tool in order to provide a methodology for technology selection in the context of extended supply chains considering intra- and inter-organisational (supply chain) perspective while promoting active collaboration between industry and academia.

Climate warming has gradually become a major problem threatening human survival, and countries have begun to pay attention to carbon emissions. Energy conservation and emission reduction has become a central task in China’s economic development since the 14th Five-Year Plan. As the main force of carbon emissions in China, thermal power industry is bound to become the focus of attention in China’s low-carbon development strategy and energy conservation and emission reduction. Moreover, with the marketization of the power industry, the state has joined the market competition at the power generation sectors and the power sale sectors, and implemented the “opening the middle of the two pipes.” Therefore, the coverage of influence of carbon emissions and carbon investment behavior of power generation companies is not limited to itself, but will also be extended to the supply chain level. Based on the above background, this paper evaluates the scientific rationality of low-carbon investment projects of thermal power enterprises from the perspective of low-carbon supply chain, which not only can help enterprises achieve a win–win situation of economic and environmental benefits, but also contribute to the carbon emission reduction of the entire supply chain, thereby promoting China’s entire social and economic energy conservation and emission reduction work.

Impact of COVID-19 on the economic loss and resource conservation of China's tourism industry from the supply chain perspective

This book is a comprehensive guide to several aspects of risk, including information systems, disaster management, supply chain and disaster management perspectives. A major portion of this book is devoted to presenting a number of operations research models that have been (or could be) applied to enterprise supply risk management, especially from the supply chain perspective. Each chapter of this book can be used as a unique module on a different topics with dedicated examples, definitions and discussion notes. This book comes at a time when the world is increasingly challenged by different forms of risk and how to manage them. Events of the 21st Century have made enterprise risk management even more critical. Risks such as suspicions surrounding top-management structures, financial and technology bubbles (especially since 2008), as well as the demonstrated risk from terrorism, such as the 9/11 attack in the U.S. as well as more recent events in France, Belgium, and other locations in Europe, have a tremendous impact on many facets of business. Businesses, in fact, exist to cope with risk in their area of specialization.

The water footprint (WF) concept is a generally accepted tool introduced in 2002. Many studies applied water footprinting, indicating impacts of human consumption on freshwater, especially from agriculture. Although the WF includes supply chains, presently it excludes irrigation supply chains and non-beneficial evapotranspiration, and calculations for agriculture start from crop water requirements. We present a conceptual framework distinguishing between traditional (net) WFs and proposed gross WFs, defined as the sum of net WFs and irrigation supply chain related blue WFs and as the sum of green WFs and green WFs of weeds. Many water management studies focused on blue water supply efficiency, assessing water losses in supply chain links. The WF concept, however, excludes water flows to stocks where water remains available and recoverable, e.g. to usable groundwater, in contrast to many water management approaches. Also, many studies focused on irrigation technology improvement to save water. We argue that not only irrigation technology should be considered, but whole water supply chains, also distinguishing between surface and groundwater, to improve efficient blue water use in agriculture. This framework is applied to the Pakistani part of the Indus basin that includes the largest man-made irrigation network in the world. The gross blue WF is 1.6 times the net blue WF leading to a K value (ratio of gross and net blue WF) of 0.6. Surface water losses vary between 45 and 49 %, groundwater losses between 18 and 21 %. Presently, efficient irrigation receives much attention. However, it is important to take irrigation supply chains into account to improve irrigation efficiency. Earlier WF studies showing water scarcity in many regions underestimate agricultural water consumption if supply chains are neglected. More water efficient agriculture should take supply chain losses into account probably requiring water management adaptations, which is more a policy than an agriculture task.

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> The water footprint (WF) concept is a generally accepted tool introduced in 2002. Many studies applied water footprinting, indicating impacts of human consumption on freshwater, especially from agriculture. Although the WF includes supply chains, presently it excludes irrigation supply chains and non-beneficial evapotranspiration, and calculations for agriculture start from crop water requirements. We present a conceptual framework distinguishing between traditional (net) WFs and proposed gross WFs, defined as the sum of net WFs and irrigation supply chain related blue WFs and as the sum of green WFs and green WFs of weeds. Many water management studies focused on blue water supply efficiency, assessing water losses in supply chain links. The WF concept, however, excludes water flows to stocks where water remains available and recoverable, e.g. to usable groundwater, in contrast to many water management approaches. Also, many studies focused on irrigation technology improvement to save water. We argue that not only irrigation technology should be considered, but whole water supply chains, also distinguishing between surface and groundwater, to improve efficient blue water use in agriculture. This framework is applied to the Pakistani part of the Indus basin that includes the largest man-made irrigation network in the world. The gross blue WF is 1.6 times the net blue WF leading to a K value (ratio of gross and net blue WF) of 0.6. Surface water losses vary between 45 and 49&thinsp;%, groundwater losses between 18 and 21&thinsp;%. Presently, efficient irrigation receives much attention. However, it is important to take irrigation supply chains into account to improve irrigation efficiency. Earlier WF studies showing water scarcity in many regions underestimate agricultural water consumption if supply chains are neglected. More water efficient agriculture should take supply chain losses into account probably requiring water management adaptations, which is more a policy than an agriculture task.

The water footprint (WF) concept is a generally accepted tool introduced in 2002. Many studies applied water footprinting, indicating impacts of human consumption on freshwater, especially from agriculture. Although the WF includes supply chains, presently it excludes irrigation supply chains and non-beneficial evapotranspiration, and calculations for agriculture start from crop water requirements. We present a conceptual framework distinguishing between traditional (net) WFs and proposed gross WFs, defined as the sum of net WFs and irrigation supply chain related blue WFs and as the sum of green WFs and green WFs of weeds. Many water management studies focused on blue water supply efficiency, assessing water losses in supply chain links. The WF concept, however, excludes water flows to stocks where water remains available and recoverable, e.g. to usable groundwater, in contrast to many water management approaches. Also, many studies focused on irrigation technology improvement to save water. We argue that not only irrigation technology should be considered, but whole water supply chains, also distinguishing between surface and groundwater, to improve efficient blue water use in agriculture. This framework is applied to the Pakistani part of the Indus basin that includes the largest man-made irrigation network in the world. The gross blue WF is 1.6 times the net blue WF leading to a K value (ratio of gross and net blue WF) of 0.6. Surface water losses vary between 45 and 49 %, groundwater losses between 18 and 21 %. Presently, efficient irrigation receives much attention. However, it is important to take irrigation supply chains into account to improve irrigation efficiency. Earlier WF studies showing water scarcity in many regions underestimate agricultural water consumption if supply chains are neglected. More water efficient agriculture should take supply chain losses into account probably requiring water management adaptations, which is more a policy than an agriculture task.