Research on the Innovative Regeneration of Post-industrial Space in China

A functional seasonal thermal hot-spot classification: Focus on industrial sites

How can local government capacity lift the ‘resource curse’? A study from the perspective of industrial structure transformation

Industrial sector was dominated before 1970s, in order to meet the social need at that period, the Government put great effort in industrial development. Industrial areas were commonly found. As economic restructured, the open door policy made “industrial” sector was replaced by “financial” sector gradually.
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\nFacing this changed environment, many industrial buildings are being under-utilized and some are even vacant. This is definitely a waste of land resources in Hong Kong. With the increase in population, demand in space increase and hence land resources is valuable.
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\nUnder the Town Planning Board, Land in Hong Kong was marked to restrict the land use on areas. For example, the area marked in “industrial” use means the buildings located were restricted to be use in industrial which most industrial buildings were found in that area. “Rezoning” and the introduction of “Other Specified Uses” annotated “Business” (“OU(B)) zone was introduced in respond to the situation that most of the buildings were non-compliant use in the industrial buildings. This is what the Government put effort to tackle the problem and the rezoning progress is still an on-going policy.
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\nIn addition, some industrial buildings which located in the industrial zone and rezone to be “OU(B)” zone, even though rezone the areas, non-compliant uses in some industrial buildings are still found. The government hence established revitalizing industrial policies in 2009-2010 Policy Address in which to promote the revitalization of old industrial buildings through encouraging redevelopment and conversation of them. 
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\nIn this paper, there is a study on how the Hong Kong government takes part in the revitalization project in the industrial areas. The current uses of the industrial buildings, the establishment of the revitalizing industrial buildings policies in Hong Kong will be discussed, and through the oversea case to find out the whether there is lesson can be learnt for the Hong Kong government in regeneration an area.

The impacts of high-speed rail on the transformation of resource-based cities in China: A market segmentation perspective

Forest fires have affected the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) in the last years with greater violence, causing damage to houses, industrial and commercial buildings. Businesses face the same fire hazard as houses but with a much greater potential due to labour interruption, job losses, and tax revenue impacts. In Canada, forest fires affected oilsand camps in 2011 and 2016, disrupting oil and gas production and damages of billions of Canadian Dollars. Camp Fire in 2018, the most destructive forest fire to date in the United States, destroyed houses, commercial buildings and other structures. In Portugal, the 2017 Large Forest Fires caused damages to almost 600 industrial buildings in the WUI and million euros losses. Assessing post-fire damage provides valuable information for future planning, fire risk mitigation, and improving fire resilience in the built environment. Considering WUI fires’ economic and social impact in industrial areas is essential to better understand this particular situation. In this sense, following the forest fires of 2017 in Portugal, a field research was conducted to assess the type of industrial building damages endured and know which construction systems were employed in their repair. The assessment considered the type of structure, materials used in facades and roofs, type of openings, ground waterproofing of uncovered areas, and material storage usage. There was also a verification of the materials used after the rehabilitation. This last stage concludes that building fire regulation needs to change for mitigating the risk of industrial buildings getting destroyed by Forest Fires in the WUI.

The industrial areas of small and medium size Polish cities, which were the elements of large industrial districts in the past, are the subject of the article. The effects of historical spatial conditions, the impact of industrial districts on these cities, as well as the consequences of transformations from the turn of the eighties and nineties of the last century are analysed. In the last twenty years, there have been profound changes in the industrial areas of urban spaces. Many of them did not raise after the period of systemic transformation and changes of the centrally planned economy to free market. The transformation of urban and suburban space has been and still is the effect of these changes, changing the purpose of the old industrial buildings and establishing the existence of new structures in open areas, such as “greed field”. In turn, this results in the reconstruction of the existing transport systems and road corridors, profound changes in the city’s infrastructure and affects human resources, directing new workforce to the routes. In addition to the transformation of the spatial structure of the city, a new standard of work space organisation has appeared: on the one hand, based on the old tape production system, and on the other, closed and isolated. The author presents a selected example of cities from the Bielsko Industrial District, which was established in the first half of the XIX century, and its area currently amounts to 2,6 thousand km2. Currently, the machine, automotive, textile and metallurgical industries are mainly developing in this district. Furthermore, there are two subzones of two special economic zones in the BID: Katowice and Cracow. After years of stagnation, today the largest industrial areas are developing on the outskirts of the cities and villages, where industrial zones or economic activity zones are built. Such areas are located in Bielsko-Biała, Żywiec, Pszczyna, Czechowice-Dziedzice, Wilkowice, Rybarzowice, Skoczów, Cieszyn, Jasienica, Kęty and Andrychów. In small and medium-sized cities, the process of transformations and changes taking place under the influence of the development of industrial areas is particularly visible.

ABSTRAK. Arsitektur perilaku merupakan sebuah konsep arsitektur yang memperhatikan perilaku pada setiap proses perancangannya. Bangunan perkantoran merupakan sebuah bangunan yang menjalani fungsi administrasi dan manajemen. Kawasan industri merupakan sebuah kawasan yang terletak di zona perindustrian selain bangunan industri terdapat juga bangunan perkantoran. Bangunan perkantoran di kawasan industri memiliki ciri khas perilaku tersendiri. Bangunan perkantoran yang ada tidak jarang tidak memperhatikan perilaku penggunanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui serta mendeskripsikan penerapan arsitektur perilaku pada bangunan perkantoran di kawasan industri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif data yang ada baik primer maupun sekunder yang didapat melalui observasi maupun literatur di analisis dengan cara di deskripsikan kemudian diverifikasi dan ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa elemen prinsip arsitektur perilaku yang diterapkan pada bangunan perkantoran di kawasan industri. Sirkulasi yang ada pada bangunan perkantoran di kawasan industri dapat mengakomodasi manusia dengan memiliki jalur yang lebar selebar bahu manusia. Warna yang digunakan dapat memberikan semangat serta ketenangan. Kebisingan yang ada memiliki kebisingan yang rendah untuk fokus karyawan serta pada pencahayaan terdapat bukaan cahaya alami yang dapat meningkatkan produktifitas pengguna.Kata Kunci: arsitektur perilaku, bangunan perkantoran, kawasan industriABSTRACT. Behavioral architecture is an architectural concept that pays attention to behavior in each design process. An office building is a building that performs administrative and management functions. Industrial area is an area located in an industrial zone besides industrial buildings there are also office buildings. Office buildings in industrial areas have their own characteristics of behavior. Existing office buildings often do not pay attention to the behavior of their users. This study aims to determine and describe the application of behavioral architecture in office buildings in industrial areas. This study used a descriptive-qualitative method. The existing data, both primary and secondary, obtained through observation and literature, were analyzed by means of descriptions, then verified and conclusions drawn. The results of this study are the principle elements of behavioral architecture applied to office buildings in industrial areas. The existing circulation in office buildings in industrial areas can accommodate humans by having wide lanes as wide as human shoulders. The colors used can give enthusiasm and serenity. The existing noise has low noise for employee focus and in the lighting there are natural light openings which can increase user productivity.Keywords: behavioral architecture, office building, industrial area

Mining and utilizing cultural heritage resources and creating and developing creative and cultural industries have become the priority direction of economic development, setting off a wave of cultural heritage resource development, and industrial transformation. Which cultural heritage resources can have the high value of industrial transformation has become one of the research topics that have attracted much attention. In view of this problem, research is of great significance to the development of cultural heritage resources and the field of industrial transformation. With the in-depth research on resource development and industrial transformation, the research on artificial neural network (ANN) in cultural industry transformation is gradually carried out, and its performance advantages are of great significance to solve the problem of value evaluation. This paper aims to study the application of the value assessment method based on the BP neural network (BPNN) in the development of cultural heritage resources and industrial transformation. Through the analysis and research of BPNN and cultural heritage resource development and industrial transformation, it can be applied to the construction of resource value assessment methods to solve the problem of improving the value level of cultural heritage resource development and industry. This paper analyzes BPNN, cultural heritage, and value evaluation methods, conducts experimental analysis on the performance of the algorithm, and uses related theoretical formulas to explain. The results show that the evaluation method has passed the random consistency test, and the results are valid. The obtained index popularity weight value is 0.134, the economic benefit weight value is 0.093, and the resource correlation degree weight value is 0.074, which can be used as the key criteria for resource value evaluation. The classification of resources through resource value assessment can provide theoretical support for the development and industrialization of cultural heritage and can meet the needs of improving the value and quality of cultural heritage development and industrial transformation, and the development level and satisfaction have been greatly improved.

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the building industry in China are increasing. Predicting future trends in China’s building industry VOCs will help the implementation of China’s construction VOCs emission reduction policy. The aim of this study is to combine Granger causality analysis, Ridge regression, GM(1,N), and categorical boosting (CatBoost) methods for the analysis of factors influencing and trend prediction of VOCs emissions from building industry in China. Firstly, the spatial and temporal characteristics of building industry VOCs emissions in China were calculated, based on building industry VOCs emissions data from 2006 to 2020 for each province and city in China. Secondly, Granger causality tests and STIRPAT models were used to examine the influencing factors of construction VOCs, combined with ridge regression to estimate the elasticity coefficients of the influencing factors and feature screening, which were used as input features for prediction. Finally, a combination of the improved GM(1,N) model and the CatBoost model was used to predict and compare the results with those of the GM(1,N) model, the support vector regression model (SVR), the random forest (RF), and the CatBoost model. The results show that the combined model with improved GM(1,N) and CatBoost has better prediction accuracy than the other models. China’s building industry VOCs emissions are increasing year on year and are not expected to reach their peak by 2030. The size of the population, the number of people employed in the building industry, and the area of housing floor space under construction are important influencing factors that affect VOCs emissions from building industry in China. Based on the predicted results for the different scenario settings, building industry VOCs emissions are lower in the short term for the baseline scenario and in the long term for the high-speed scenario.

With the rapid expansion of the city in China, more and more old industrial buildings in cities become idle and abandoned. However, Old industrial buildings are carrying the history of a city and reflecting the urban development process so that renewal of the old industrial buildings has great value in the sense of cultural, aesthetic, ecological, economic, and sustainable development. How to reuse those buildings is worth studying. This paper, based on the principle of Adaptive Renewal and sustainable reuse, takes two typical successful cases to discuss how to reuse these old industrial buildings into culture ones in China.

Based on the measurement of the locational condition from a spatiotemporal perspective, the entropy weight TOPSIS, a grey relational analysis model, and other methods are adopted to analyze the correlative heterogeneity characteristics of industrial restructuring, path locking, and path innovation of regenerative resource‐based cities in China from 2005 to 2016. In this paper, we conclude that locational conditions were closely related to industrial transformation. And specifically, the locational condition of study cities was the most closely related to path innovation, followed by the advanced index of industrial structuring, and the weakest correlation with the speed of industrial restructuring. For non‐remote cities, due to the proximity of provincial capitals and regional central cities, the path innovation was the fastest, and the correlation with the advanced index was the closest. For remote cities, the advanced index showed a downward trend. However, the correlation between the locational condition and the advanced index or path innovation were both high. For extremely remote cities, the speed and advanced index of industrial restructuring were most disadvantaged. Furthermore, the path locking was the strongest, and the path innovation was the weakest. It had the strongest correlation with path innovation. Overall, the heterogeneity of the correlation between geographic location and industrial transformation is significant.

The environmental quality of a mining city has a direct impact on regional sustainable development and has become a key indicator for assessing the effectiveness of national environmental policies. However, against the backdrop of accelerated urbanization, increased demand for resource development, and the promotion of the concept of ecological civilization, mining cities are faced with the major challenge of balancing economic development and ecological environmental protection. This study aims to deeply investigate the spatial and temporal variations of environmental quality and its driving mechanisms of mineral resource-based cities. This study utilizes the wide coverage and multitemporal capabilities of MODIS optical and thermal infrared remote sensing data. It innovatively develops the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) algorithm on the PIE-Engine cloud platform to quickly obtain the RSEI, which reflects the quality of the ecological environment. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the environmental quality in seven typical mining cities in China from 2001 to 2022 were analyzed. Combined with the vector mine surface data, the spatial and temporal variability of the impacts of mining activities on the ecological environment were quantitatively separated and explored. In particular, the characteristics of mining cities were taken into account by creating buffer zones and zoning statistics to analyze the response relationship between RSEI and these factors, including the distance to the mining area and the percentage of the mining area. In addition, the drivers and impacts of RSEI in 2019 were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficients pixel by pixel with 10 factors, including natural, economic, and mining. Regression modeling of RSEI in 2019 was performed using the random forest (RF) model, and these drivers were ranked in order of importance through random forest factor importance assessment. The results showed that (1) the ecological quality of mining cities changed significantly during the study period, and the negative impacts of mining activities on the ecological environment were significant. (2) The areas with low RSEI values were closely related to the mining areas and cities. (3) The RSEI in the mining areas of mining cities was generally lower than the average level of the cities. The RSEI gradually increased as the distance to the mine site increased. (4) The increase in the size of the mine area initially exacerbates the impact on the ecological environment, but the impact is weakened beyond a certain threshold. (5) The distance to the mining area is the most important factor affecting the quality of the ecological environment, followed by DEM, GDP, and precipitation. This study is of great importance for advancing sustainable development in mining cities and formulating sustainable strategies.

As an incomparable implication of industrial culture, the industrial heritage has a wide range of historical, technological, social, architectural or scientific values. With the process of large-scale contemporary urban revitalization, abandoned industrial buildings and areas always become the targets of urban renewal and redevelopment due to the ongoing transformation on structural changes of economy and adjustments of plot usage. Although the research and discussion on preservation of industrial heritage have been launched in the fields of theory and practice in China, many former industrial areas and buildings are still undergoing extreme threats and irreversible damages. Taking Iec Long Fireworks Factory which is the only well preserved survivor of industrial heritage in Macao as a case study, this paper presents its historic background, present challenges and future envisions of development. Based on group investigations and SWOT analysis, integrated strategies are proposed to preserve and revitalize the old factory ruins and their landscape settings. The conclusions show the significance to preserve and reuse industrial heritage opened for the urban renewal, which also could be a good contribution for sustainability of history and culture, environment, society and tourism.

“Peak carbon and neutrality”, also known as dual carbon, is the key to solving the problems of energy and industrial low-carbon transformation, and is also fundamental to promoting the development of new industries that protect the environment and conserve resources. Among the cities along the Yellow River Basin, the city of Luoyang in Henan province is strategically vital in the coordinated development of the regional economy. Thus, researching the coupling of urbanisation and ecological protection is an important way to realise the dual carbon goal. To explore the coupling and coordination (CC) between urbanisation and the ecological environment, an index system is built for comprehensively assessing urbanisation and ecological environment (UEE) systems in Luoyang, and a coupling model to measure their coordination degree, quantitatively analyzed the CC process and evolution trend of Luoyang’s UEE, and explored the driving factors causing their changes through regression analysis. The results show that the integrated urbanisation development index of Luoyang ranges from 0.7571–0.9497; however, the contribution of the city’s population to urbanisation is the lowest at only 5.231%. Therefore, it is suggested that the government and other institutions should pay more attention to coordinating the human–land relationship when planning for urban development. The integrated ecological environment development index ranges from 0.7512–0.8266. The contribution ratio of the ecological environment state and pressure on the ecological environment is relatively high, at 27.9% and 48.7%, respectively. Therefore, the city of Luoyang city should reduce the emission of industrial pollutants and improve the environmental level. In addition, the CC degree of UEE of Luoyang ranges from 0.8131–0.9296 during 2016–2021, with an overall trend of steady increase, and the coupling correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9335, with a good overall coupling effect. The results show that Luoyang needs to further accelerate its industrial transformation and upgrading and spatial development strategy, and strive to become an environment-optimised city. This study provides scientific and practical suggestions for the CC development of urbanisation and environment in the city of Luoyang, Henan province, and has reference value for accelerating the realisation of the two-carbon strategy.

Upon gaining independence from the British colonial occupation in 1957, Malaysia believes that education is instrumental to the development of the nation’s economy. Thus, educational development in Malaysia is based upon increasing access to education, increasing equity in education, increasing quality in education and improving efficiency and effectiveness of education management.
 Secondly, the development of education in Malaysia reflects the multifaceted role it assumes in creating a progressive and united Malaysian society towards enhancing the quality of the lives of our children and generations to come.
 Hence, no one should be excluded from the mainstream of development. At the same time, the mindsets, cultures and values which the people and social institutions are imbued with need to be strengthened in line with the nation’s aspirations to progress in its own mould.
 In implementing these goals, the MOE (Ministry of Education) has formulated the Education Development Master Plan (EDMP) 2006-2010 as a comprehensive and integrated master plan for education development under 9thMalaysia Plan (9MP). EDMPwas developed in line with the national development plans and policies by taking into account the Third Outline Perspective Plan, Five Year Malaysia Plans, the framework laid out in the National Mission, the National Integrity Plan and others including national education development plans and policies. The plan is aimed at «Pioneering Change: ANational Mission» and put forward the policies the policies, goals, strategies, priorities, actions plans, key performance indicators, time-lines and budget for education development.