Research on the Influence of Restricted Export Trade Policy on the Technological Innovation of Chinese High‐Tech Enterprises

This paper is to explore the impact of entrepreneurial psychological capital and capital heterogeneity on venture capital behavior, and further analyze the effect of venture capital on the innovation activities of enterprises. Based on the existing research results, this paper proposed hypotheses on the relationship between venture capital and technological innovation. According to the data samples of growth enterprises market (GEM) listed companies from 2010 to 2016, the main research variables were defined and a theoretical analysis model was constructed. The theory and empirical research clarify the relationship between venture capital and technological innovation. (1) According to the regression results of venture capital participation as well as innovation input and innovation output, the regression coefficients of venture capital participation are 0.609 and 0.203, which are significant at the levels of 10 and 1%, respectively. It indicates that venture capital participation has a positive impact on the innovation input and output of enterprises. (2) The coefficient of venture capital participation is positive, and the coefficient of is significantly negative. Therefore, the degree of product market competition has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between venture capital participation and technological innovation. Venture capital provides funding support for technological innovation in startups. At the same time, because it holds a certain percentage of shares, it participates in enterprise innovation activities and provides guidance for companies to maintain profitable growth, thereby improving their innovation awareness and level. This research makes up for the shortcomings of the previous research model that uses a single dimension to measure technological innovation. As a result, this study comprehensively investigates the impact of venture capital on the innovation input and output of enterprises, enhancing the integrity and reliability of previous research conclusions.

A quantitative investigation of the technological innovation in large construction companies

Based on the three aspects of innovation input, innovation environment and innovation output, this paper selects 12 indicators to construct the evaluation index system of scientific and technological innovation capability of 16 prefec-ture-level cities in Anhui Province. Firstly, the factor analysis method was used to set the innovation input and output factors and the innovation environment factors, and the ratio of the variance contribution rate of each factor to the cu-mulative contribution rate was used as the weight to obtain the comprehensive score, and the scientific and technological innovation ability of each city was ranked and analyzed. Then, through the cluster analysis method, the 16 cities in Anhui Province were divided into four categories and analyzed for different types of cities. Finally, it is proposed that cities in Anhui Province should im-prove innovation policies, strengthen industrial agglomeration, optimize innovation environment, and introduce innovative talents, so as to maximize the innovation potential of cities in Anhui Province and better enhance the overall scientific and technological innovation ability of cities in Anhui Province.

ABSTRACTThis study addresses whether the positive consequences of corporate innovation can mitigate the negative repercussions of earning management practices on corporate sustainability. Specifically, it investigates the impact of real earning management (REM) practices on corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. Likewise, it explores the mediating role of corporate innovation inputs and outputs in this relationship. The study uses a sample of the A‐share listed firms in the Chinese stock market from 2011 to 2021. We measure REM activities as a comprehensive index of corporate abnormal cash flows, abnormal production costs and abnormal discretionary expenses. The Chinese firms' ESG performance is based on Huazheng's ESG rating. Corporate innovation is categorised into innovation input (i.e., R&D expenditure) and innovation output (i.e., patent applications). The study finds that REM practices inversely affect corporate ESG performance and its various pillars. Likewise, firms that engage in higher REM practices are less likely to allocate resources to innovation (i.e., lower R&D expenditure) and have a low innovation output (i.e., fewer patent applications). Nevertheless, firms with higher innovation input and/or higher innovation output exhibit higher ESG performance. Finally, the corporate innovation input and output mediate the relationship between REM practices and ESG performance, suggesting that the positive influence of innovation on ESG performance helps to mitigate the negative consequences of earnings management practices. These results underscore the significance of ethical financial practices and innovation‐driven strategies in enhancing corporate ESG performance.

Based on panel data from 2002 to 2017 in China, this paper analyses the influence of internal migration on regional innovation. The results show that internal migration not only has a significant promoting effect on improving regional innovation, but also presents a significant spatial agglomeration phenomenon. That is, internal migration has a significant positive impact on regional innovation according to the regression without spatial effects. And although internal migration will promote input of regional innovation, it will also have a negative impact on output of regional innovation. Meanwhile, internal migration will have a significant negative impact on innovation input in adjacent areas, and a significant positive impact on innovation output. Through decomposition, from the input of innovation, the migrant population will have a significant impact on local innovation, but it will also inhibit the innovation input of adjacent regions through indirect effects. Although the migrant population will have a significant negative impact on output of innovation, it will also promote innovation output significantly in adjacent regions through indirect effects, and have a positive impact on the improvement of overall innovation.

The paper analyzes the effect of environmental uncertainty on corporate technological innovation from the perspective of an innovation value chain under the institutional background of China. This paper not only discusses the intermediary effect of agency problems on environmental uncertainty and corporate technological innovation but also deeply explores the influence of information transparency, government subsidies, and other mechanisms to alleviate agency problems on environmental uncertainty and corporate technological innovation. We use the data of listed companies in China from 2008 to 2019 as the research sample, and the results show that, in general, environmental uncertainty has a negative effect on both input and output of technological innovation, and the negative effect can last for two years. Further research shows that the agency problem has an intermediary effect on the environmental uncertainty and corporate technology innovation, and the environmental uncertainty aggravates the agency problem, which hinders the input and output of corporate technology innovation. As an important mechanism to alleviate the agency problems, information transparency and government subsidies can effectively alleviate the agency conflict, thus reducing the inhibition of environmental uncertainty on the input and output of technological innovation. Our findings contribute to the discussion of driving factors for technological innovation in the context of China’s system. Our results provide useful insights into the link between environmental uncertainty and corporate innovation for economic academics and practitioners alike.

PurposeThis research aims to analyze the relations between coopetition and innovation, by comparing two coopetitive tourism SMEs networks in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe first network comprises 23 SMEs in Honey Island, a natural reserve, and the second network comprises 21 out of 25 SMEs in the Campos Gerais region, recognized by its strong agribusiness. Innovativeness variables included innovation inputs, capabilities, and outputs; and four types of relations that foster innovation were considered, namely, commercial, informational, knowledge, and partnerships. Social network analysis was employed as well as statistical analyses such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann–Whitney, Spearman correlation and Fischer's Z transformation.FindingsResults show that coopetition is related to SMEs innovativeness. Commercial relations centralities correlated with many innovation outputs, information and knowledge centralities with some innovation inputs and outputs, and partnerships also with capabilities.Research limitations/implicationsBesides contributing to the literature of innovation in tourism, this paper also contributes to the literature on coopetition and innovation by investigating how different types of coopetition relationships foster innovation inputs, capabilities, and outputs.Practical implicationsManagers may benefit from these findings by fostering specific innovation inputs, capabilities, or outputs by means of different coopetition relations. Similarly, regional tourism policy planners may also improve the innovativeness of tourism small businesses by fostering coopetition networks.Originality/valueThis paper not only compares the innovativeness of two small business coopetition networks in the tourism industry but also analyses quantitively in detail how different types of coopetition relations are related to different innovativeness variables.

The analysis of innovation in a family business context has become an emerging topic in literature, but recent studies have resulted in mixed findings. To disentangle these inconclusive results, we propose to analyse the influence of family management on the relationship between different innovation inputs and innovation outputs. In particular, this manuscript empirically investigates whether family management exerts a moderating role on the relationship between R&D intensity, R&D personnel and social capital and the occurrence of technological innovation. To test our hypotheses, we used a conditional logistic regression based on a longitudinal sample of 1027 Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 2006–2010. The results show that family management reduces efficiency in the conversion of R&D expenses into technological innovation outcomes.

An empirical study of executive research backgrounds on enterprise innovation - the moderator of internal and external institutional environments on physics -reason - human methodology

Although government procurement is used as a demand-side innovation policy tool in many countries, how government procurement affects corporate technological innovation is still controversial, and its mechanism has not been empirically tested. The research in this paper finds that, from the perspective of enterprises, government procurement should be measured from the scale of government procurement contracts obtained by enterprises and the degree of support from government purchasers. The scale of procurement contracts obtained by enterprises and the degree of support obtained by enterprises from purchasers have an impact on the input and output of enterprise technological innovation. It has a significant positive role in promoting, and technological innovation investment plays an intermediary role in it.

Purpose Within-firm pay inequality has garnered extensive global attention, not merely because it influences the perception of fairness within firms, but also because it serves as a crucial driver of overall societal income inequality. Against the backdrop of innovation-driven development, governments have increasingly implemented tax incentive policies to boost firms’ innovation capabilities. However, a pressing question remains: do these tax incentives widen income disparities within firms, disproportionately benefiting top executives and thereby reinforcing the “Matthew effect”? Or do they foster overall innovation output, subsequently raising the incomes of regular employees and alleviating income inequality? Design/methodology/approach This study uses the 2015 R&D expense super deduction policy reform as a quasi-natural experiment to explore the impact of innovation tax incentives on within-firm income inequality. Using disclosure information from corporate annual reports, we precisely identify whether firms benefited from this policy. Specifically, firms that received the policy benefit are defined as the treatment group, while firms that did not are designated as the control group. To evaluate the impact of this policy on internal income inequality within firms, we employ the standard Difference-in-Differences (DiD) method for regression analysis. Findings The findings indicate innovation tax incentives significantly widen the income disparity within firms, particularly the wage gap between management and regular employees. Mechanism analysis reveals tax incentives increase corporate innovation output and business performance, which in turn exacerbates the imbalance in profit sharing, allowing management to gain higher incomes. Additionally, tax incentives enhance R&D investment and risk-taking levels, providing management with more risk-related incentives and compensation, thereby aggravating income disparity. The heterogeneity analysis shows the impact of innovation tax incentives on income disparity is more pronounced in firms with stronger bargaining power among regular employees, state-owned enterprises, and high-tech industries. Research limitations/implications This study not only enriches the literature on the factors influencing within-firm pay inequality and the distributional effects of innovation tax incentives but also provides empirical evidence for the government in advancing an innovation-driven development strategy and achieving the goal of common prosperity. Practical implications The results enrich the theoretical and empirical research on the effects of innovation tax incentives on internal income distribution. In terms of expanding the existing literature, this study not only examines the direct impact of innovation tax incentives on firms’ innovation input and output but also delves into the policy’s long-term effects on internal income distribution. Social implications This study offers an in-depth discussion and empirical examination of the impact of tax policies on income inequality at the firm level. The findings underscore the importance and correctness of the integrated use of tax reduction policies and income distribution policies, providing policymakers with robust evidence for simultaneously promoting innovation incentives and income fairness. Originality/value First, in terms of data and methodology, this study utilizes Python to automatically extract data on “R&D super deduction” accounts from firms’ annual reports, accurately identifying which firms truly benefited from the tax incentives. Second, in terms of expanding the existing literature, this study not only examines the direct impact of innovation tax incentives on firms’ innovation input and output but also delves into the policy’s long-term effects on internal income distribution. Third, this study offers an in-depth discussion and empirical examination of the impact of tax policies on income inequality at the firm level.

Strategic emerging industries are gradually becoming the main driving force promoting the development of the national economy. As one of the strategic emerging industries, the New Generation of Information Technology Companies (NGITCs) play a crucial role in accelerating the integration of information and industrialization and in promoting the information processing of the whole society, with the support of various policy tools, such as government subsidy policy. Based on the panel data on the Chinese A-Stock Market (Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Markets) from 2011 to 2020, this article empirically studies the correlations between the government subsidies, innovation input, and innovation output of the NGITCs. In the first step, we check the immediate effect and delayed effect of the government subsidies on the innovation output of the NGITCs and further test whether the ownership and geographical locations of the NGITCs have moderating effects between the government subsidies and innovation output of the NGITCs. In the second step, we investigate the government subsidies’ immediate impact and the delayed effect on the innovation input of the NGITCs. In the third step, we examine the innovation input’s immediate effect and the delayed effect on the innovation output of the NGITCs. In the last step, we analyze the mediating role of innovation input between government subsidies and the innovation output of the NGITCs. Our findings indicate that government subsidies positively promote the innovation output of the NGITCs and have a two-year-delayed effect. However, the government subsidies can most significantly increase the innovation output of the non-state-owned enterprises and those in the coastal areas. The government subsidies enhance the innovation input and have a three-year positive delayed effect. Innovation input positively impacts innovation output and also has a two-year-delayed effect. Our results also show that innovation input presents a partial mediating effect between government subsidies and the innovation output of the NGITCs.

Economic geographers, industrial economists and innovation scholars have long debated the impact of agglomeration externalities on innovation, often with conflicting results. We argue that rather than focusing on which agglomeration externality most influences innovation, we should gain a deeper understanding of how agglomeration externalities influence innovation. Drawing on the concept of national systems of innovation (NSI), we examine the role of industrial diversity and domestic competition as contingency factors that affect the relationship between national innovation inputs and outputs. Using secondary data from 86 countries, we developed interaction models, and our findings indicate that industrial diversity positively influences the relationship between innovation inputs and outputs. Additionally, we found that the relationship between innovation inputs and outputs is strengthened at higher levels of diversity and competition. Also, the positive effects of institutions on innovation outputs increase with high industrial diversity and medium to high domestic competition. Similarly, the positive marginal effect of human capital and research on innovation outputs is strengthened by increasing industrial diversity, although a medium-low level of competition can undermine this effect. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on agglomeration externalities and the NSI literature by highlighting the role of industrial diversity and competition in shaping national innovation outcomes.

Existing researches by Chinese researchers on the innovation performance of patent-intensive industries usually use the amount of patent grants, Innovation performance is not fully reflected in the relationship between innovation input and innovation output. This paper aims to open the “black box” of the innovation process and divides the innovation process into R&D process and the process of scientific output converted into economic output with the intention of providing a better understanding of the important role of patents in the development of industries and ideas for the formulation of industrial policies by focusing on the innovation performance and innovation mode of patent-intensive industries during 2004–2016 using DEA method. Results show that the innovation efficiency of Guangdong's patent-intensive industries is very low with an average level of 0.477 in the R&D stage and 0.361 in the stage of technological achievement transformation, which is highly related to the government-led mode of technological innovation, due to the non-optimal allocation and inefficient management of innovative resources, government-led technological innovation always leads to low quality of technological innovations. In addition, there are great differences in the innovation modes of patent-intensive industries. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to take the differences among different industrial innovation modes into account when formulating industrial and technological policies to improve innovation performance.

Due to demographic changes, the personnel structure of the workforce in countries like Germany and Japan will change considerably in the next few years. At the same time, companies need creative and skilled human resources to innovate. We analysed data from the 2001 German Community Innovation Survey to explore the impact of personnel structure (share of older employees, skills shortages, share of highly skilled employees) on innovation input and output. Overall, we did not find support for a negative effect of a high share of older employees in a company on innovation output. However, companies with a high share of older employees tended to invest less in further training (considered innovation input). This contradicts the call for lifelong learning. In accordance with our propositions, a high share of highly skilled employees had a positive effect on innovation input and output. Companies which experienced skills shortages were more likely to invest in further training. However, they were, somewhat surprisingly, more innovative than companies which did not suffer from skills shortages.