Research on Tea Packaging Design and Cultural Communication Mechanism from a Sustainable Perspective

Sustainable development prospects for Italian coastal cultural heritage: a Ligurian case study

Goal and objectives of the dissertationThe current thesis - designed and conducted at European level, academically recognized through the awarding of the honorary title of Doctor Europaeus - has as its main goal to propose, design and accomplish the first doctoral thesis on the topic of Cultural Heritage Quality Management, by applying a complex approach that would frame theoretically the convergence of three main areas towards sustainability: Quality and Tourism, Archaeological Heritage and Culture.We have thus placed the subject of the application of quality principles to cultural heritage management within the broader debate about the policies of integrated development and the role of cultural heritage in society and within the process of a sustainable global development. We have defined then four objectives:* To understand how the heritage managers perceive Quality Management, particularly when the latter is applied to Cultural Heritage;* To understand the impact of the implementation of quality management systems on the level of self-awareness of the local population;* To consider the role of cultural heritage in the context of tourism development, as key element within the destination competitiveness. Thus, we aimed to comprehend how (and if) does the implementation of quality management systems for heritage sites play a role to boost the visitors' experience;* To understand to what extent operators consider the promotion of the encounter between tourists and local community and the promotion of intercultural dialogue within the tourist experience among the dimension of cultural heritage quality management.MethodologyWe have designed a research based on the interpretivist paradigm, which leaded us to adopt qualitative approach to explain (not to measure) the phenomenon investigated. We have conducted a multiple transdisciplinary, explorative and illustrative case study. We have thus considered appropriate to associate to our method (case study) a series of adjectives in order to better define and place it within the theoretical and sectorial point of view. The adjective multiple, refers to the existence of several cases considered in order to create comparisons. In Italy, we involved the manager of the Museo della Civilta Romana (Rome), Museo dei Mercati di Traiano e Fori Imperiali (Rome), Museo del Mare e della Navigazione Antica (Santa Marinella). In Portugal, we analysed the Synagogue of Tomar, the Castle of Abrantes, the CIAAR of Vila Nova da Barquinha and the Museu de Arte Pre-Historica e do Sagrado do Vale do Tejo (Macâo). Finally, in Spain, we investigated the four museums of the Ruta Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza).The research was also transdisciplinary - as the research aims to achieve a holistic comprehension - and explorative, as its aim is to examine the difficulties in implementing new procedures and techniques in an organisation. Finally, we have defined our research illustrative, as it aims to illustrate new practices adopted by specific organisations (Collis & Hussey, 2009, p. 82).We have thus adopted three main techniques for the collection of data:* Direct observationDirect observation was conducted in various phases of the study, maintaining updated a field journal and creating an observation grid. In addition, in order to have a more close contact with the local population in the cities where the study was conducted, we have chosen to optimize the period of our permanence through operational options such as the stay with local families - planned by the use of online platforms such as couchsurfing.com - instead of hotels or other commercial/tourist accommodation.* Interview with key agentsSemi-structured interviews were carried out involving 5 museums directors during the exploratory phase (2011). During the empirical study conducted between 2013 and 2014 we have analysed 8 cultural heritage places (museums and archaeological areas) open to the public and assessed by the HERITY GES. …

With conceptual roots going back to the first half of the 20th century, the public interpretation and presentation of cultural and archaeological heritage have become essential components in the conservation and protection of cultural heritage values and sites. By the early 21st century, the mechanisms and processes of public interpretation had reached a heightened level of sophistication and effectiveness. In the international arena, many leading organizations have emerged that are carrying the banner of interpretation principles for access, inclusion, and respect for multiple points of view. These principles emphasize the importance of dialogue facilitated by community engagement experts / laypersons, and participation in all phases of program planning, development, and delivery. Conventions and charters have been two of the most used categories of international documents to frame standards and guidelines for cultural and archaeological heritage management and presentation. International documents that specifically addressed the presentation and interpretation of archaeological heritage did not take shape until the late 20th century. The most important international document, to date, relating to interpretation and presentation of archaeological heritage sites is the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Charter on the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites (2008). The charter lays out seven principles of interpretation and presentation about the conservation, education, and stewardship messages that represent the transcendent humanistic values of the resource. The concept of authenticity has become a central concern in the conservation and interpretation of cultural heritage. The Nara Document of 1994 (ICOMOS 1994, cited under Guidelines and Charters) built on the Venice Charter (ICOMOS 1965, cited under Guidelines and Charters), considering an expanding scope of cultural heritage concerns. It addresses the need for a broader understanding of cultural diversity and cultural heritage and underscores the importance of considering the cultural and social values of all societies. It emphasizes respect for other cultures, other values, and the tangible and intangible expressions that form part of the heritage of every culture. The Nara+20 text identifies five key interrelated issues highlighting prioritized actions to be developed and expanded within global, national, and local contexts by wider community and stakeholder involvement: (1) diversity of heritage processes, (2) implications of the evolution of cultural values, (3) involvement of multiple stakeholders, (4) conflicting claims and interpretations, and (5) the role of cultural heritage in sustainable development. The goal of more-inclusive interpretations requires an acceptance of divergent definitions of authenticity that depend on a level of tolerance of multiple definitions of significance with concomitant, objectively derived, assigned, and ascribed heritage values. We can hope that these efforts lead to the recognition of humanistic values that are reflected in cultural heritage narratives and heritage tourism practices as well as site commemoration and protection decisions by controlling authorities.

The Study addressed the theme of Cultural Heritage's role in boosting economic viability, aimed at identifying the process of profiting from cultural heritage, in terms of economic return on States; as it discusses the concept of cultural heritage; its function, types, and significance, as well as the concept of economics, and the role of cultural heritage in country’s economic growth. The Study then discussed Cultural Heritage and archaeological surveys, as well as the significance of archaeological surveys to national economies. The Study also investigated instances of Cultural Heritage and its relationship to economic returns, as well as media’s significance in recognizing the role of cultural heritage in the growth of countries' economy. The descriptive analytical method was applied in the study, and the following findings were procured: Cultural Heritage is the essence of the economy and sustainable development; therefore, it should be protected and passed down to future generations to ensure their development, as it aids in understanding the past and improves the material and spiritual well-being of States in general, and individuals and society in particular. Furthermore, benefiting from cultural heritage in relation to economic returns to States is a difficult task; as a result, States should be present across different promotional campaigns that support and preserve Cultural Heritage, with an emphasis on demonstrating its economic return to States, which may be carried out directly or indirectly. The Study came out with several recommendations, the most significant of which are: objectives and priorities for the role of cultural heritage and its economic impact, in accordance with national policies, should be in place. Further, it is crucial that States strengthen and build production and distribution capacities in the field of culture, as well as facilitate a wide access of their cultural services, activities and products to the global market, in addition to capacity development via the exchange of experiences, information, research, and human resource training.

The article looks at the role of cultural heritage as driver of sustainable urban development. In the first section of the article, the authors explore the concept of sustainable urban development as a multidimensional development process that takes into account social, economic, environmental and cultural development. In the second part, the relationship between culture, cultural heritage and sustainable urban development is analysed. To conclude, a short description of the case study of Bilbao is presented. Throughout the article, several exercises are suggested for students and teachers to deepen the understanding of the issues and concepts presented in the text.

Tea packaging reflects the cultural characteristics of different countries from all the following aspects: design concept, color, pattern elements, layout, and choice of materials. This study aims to propose means of improving Chinese tea packaging through the understanding of the formation processes of the tea culture concepts of Korea, China, and Japan. The study is based on comparative research and analysis of tea packaging in the three countries influenced by tea culture. The audience perspective was adopted to select three well-known tea brands in Korea, China, and Japan for comparative analysis. We combined qualitative and quantitative methods to compare tea culture elements, color elements, patterns, fonts, and image layouts of the visual language symbols. A total of 556 reliable questionnaires were obtained from the 600 questionnaires administered to varied age groups in China, and SPSS statistical data were used for the analysis, which revealed the following results. First, the colors and picture layouts of Korean tea packaging are more popular than those of China and Japan. Second, the pattern designs of Chinese tea packaging are more popular than those of Korea and Japan. Third, the font designs of the Japanese tea packaging are more popular than those of China and Korea. Fourth, the intention to buy tea is more predominant in Korea than in China and Japan. Korean, Chinese, and Japanese tea cultures and tea packaging designs are related to each other, and the visual language symbols of tea packaging design absorb the relevant tea culture heritage. It is also hoped that the visual language symbols of the tea packaging designs of the three countries can learn from each other through the present study and new and innovative ideas can emerge in tea packaging designs in tandem with the domestic tea culture inheritance. The comparison and discussion of the differences, problems, supplementary schemes, and improvement directions of Chinese tea packaging design enabled us to posit modern and systematic fundamental information about Chinese tea packaging.

As we approach the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century—at the moment when more people live in the cities than anywhere else—there comes a time to ponder on the role and the condition of urban cultural heritage. In times of growth, urbanization and rapid development, the city may be described as a modern battlefield of cultural heritage protection, often faced with the choice between protection and conservation, or destruction and redevelopment. This article seeks to analyse the means of protection of urban cultural heritage—a common, which is local (it takes a vital part in the creation of identity) and global (it is a part of a universal heritage) at the same time—in the international law, and to look into ways of its successful management. The first part of the article looks at the concept of the urban cultural heritage, and the second part examines the two main UNESCO conventions concerning cultural heritage protection, namely, Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, to establish whether or not they are successful tools in protecting the urban cultural heritage. The third part focuses on analysing a new approach towards urban cultural heritage advocated by UNESCO, based on the 2011 recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), giving examples of its successful (Amsterdam, Ballarat, Cuenca) and unsuccessful application (Stockholm, Hong Kong, Macau). In the fourth part, the author suggests ways of effective governance of the urban cultural heritage in the twenty-first century, from the viewpoint of sustainable urban development, focusing on the role of cultural heritage in the city’s growth, and in the creation of identity and collective memories. The concluding part of the article seeks for an answer to the question of a need for a new UNESCO convention.

Reconciling the Conservation of Cultural Heritage with Rural Development

The project demonstrates the use of modern technologies for preservation and presentation of the cultural and historical heritage. The idea is a database of cultural and historical heritage sites to be created applying threedimensional laser scanning technology and a combination of geodetic and photogrammetric methods and shooting techniques. For the purposes of carrying out this project, we have focused on some heritage sites in the central part of Sofia. We decided to include these particular buildings because of the fact that there is hardly another city in the world where within a radius of 400 m are located four temples of different religions - Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox and Catholic. In the recent years, preservation of cultural heritage has been increasingly linked to objectives of sustainable development. Today, it has become clear that cultural heritage is also an economic resource that should be used for further economic development (through compulsory preservation of its authentic cultural values). There has been a more active public debate on the role of cultural heritage, regarding the following topics: improving the quality of life through development of cultural tourism, leading to an increase of the employment rate, constantly improving the business climate, etc. Cultural heritage preservation is becoming one of the priority objectives of the urban development policy. The focus has been shifted to new ways of preservation, mainly combinations of sophisticated technological solutions and their application for the purposes of preservation and dissemination of the cultural heritage.

Sustainable development of urban and rural areas is a key focus in urban planning and socio-economic planning. While the scientific literature extensively discusses socio-economic, environmental, and anthropogenic factors that contribute to the sustainability of cities, the significance of cultural heritage often receives insufficient attention. This study addresses this gap by employing a multi-criteria model to evaluate the impact of tangible and intangible cultural heritage on the sustainability of cities in Syria for example Homs. By utilizing public domain materials and statistical data from municipal organizations, the study incorporates parameters based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The objective of the research is to determine the influence of these factors on the sustainability of Syrian cities and the role of cultural heritage in promoting socio-economic development and urban reconstruction after the military conflict. The multi-criteria model, developed through a systematic approach and qualimetry analysis, demonstrates that the preservation of cultural heritage positively impacts the sustainability of urban and rural settlements. The study reveals a decrease in the development level of settlements due to the loss of cultural heritage, while emphasizing the potential for increased development through the preservation of cultural heritage.

The coastal cultural heritage facing coastal management

Історичний аспект охорони пам’яток культурної спадщини за кордоном та його значення для пам’яткоохоронної галузі України

The discussion about cultural heritage versus development has been touched upon in many publications, and the role of cultural heritage is being deployed increasingly into transforming mere development efforts into efforts for sustainable development. By analysing recent literature which indicates the need for facilitation of cooperation between authorities and local communities, the theory of ownership and value of cultural heritage, and the close relationship between heritage protection and sustainable development, the article aims to discuss the role of the local community in managing monuments. The most relevant conclusions include the link between the protection of cultural heritage and the improvement of the quality of life of residents, their sense of identity and more durable bonds with the place of residence and the strife toward the achievement of local, sustainable development goals.

This chapter proposes a humanistic management framework for analyzing the role of corporate investors in cultural heritage that may boost sustainable development. Different streams of literature concerning the role of cultural heritage in sustainable tourism development and the implications of the increasing role of private investments in cultural heritage are combined to frame the dilemma of the corporate investor, functioning as either a “heritage grabber” or a “heritage enhancer”. Governance, business model, and access dimensions from land-grab literature are combined with the humanistic management perspective into an analytical framework. The humanistic management perspective integrates the investor’s motivations in the framework, stressing the continuous responsibility and agency of the corporate investor in the pursuit of human dignity and well-being.

Cultural heritage is an invaluable asset of any city, region, or community and is an important component in the sustainable development of societies and economies. However, the role of cultural heritage has been understudied in terms of its social embeddedness and impact on social cohesion. This has led to a demand for more insights on how cultural heritage is conserved globally and more significantly via the role of societal stakeholders. Inclusive strategies allow diverse sections of a community to engage and enrich not only the anthropological interpretations of society but also support social stability and foster positive social change. This paper exemplifies how an inclusive approach was used to engage citizen engagement for the sustainable development of the built heritage in the city of Indore in central India. Best practices are presented through secondary data through various print and online sources relevant to the context. Open coding of secondary data has helped to identify strategic approaches and relationships that emerge as crucial to citizen engagement as presented in this study. The paper discusses strategies that, based on diversity and inclusivity, contribute to the enrichment of community knowledge, increased synergistic participation, and the enhancement of the sense of collective responsibility in cultural consumption.