Research on Innovative Materials for Automobile Repair

In the era of globalization and industrialization, the urban population will represent three quarters of the world’s population over the next three decades. However, the development of cities is done in an irrational way and which seriously affects the quality of life of the inhabitants. In Algeria after independence, the choice of a development mode based on industrialization, has strongly influenced the construction sector. Construction methods have shown failures in the quality of life in cities. In addition, the construction materials currently used such as concrete, metal and glass have harmful impacts on humans and their environment. For this, the construction sector must face environmental concerns, in particular due to uncontrolled energy consumption and the high quantities of raw materials extracted from natural resources. At this stage, the encouragement of the use of natural building materials increases over time with the use of innovation. These innovative materials are natural based such as: stone, wood, earth. They aim to be not only more environmentally friendly, but also to reduce construction costs, while improving the quality of new lifestyles. Currently, several works started around the world by research labs to improve energy performance from their manufacture. Ecological tiles, LiTraCon translucent concrete, BetR-blok bricks, CEMATERRE are innovative materials that will help build the house of tomorrow[1]. Therefore, the present research is interested on the study of some innovative materials and its impact on the quality of life in cities. A work of energy analysis and thermal simulation using software ECOTECT of some houses in the city of Ain Beida will be carried out. Thermal simulation with “ECOTECT” software was developed on a house built with ordinary brick to assess the indoor thermal comfort through the variation of indoor temperature. Then, another simulation was developed by replacing the existing material by CEMATERRE to compare the two results obtained to evaluate the thermal performance of the earth material. The objective is to have an idea on the importance of the use of innovative materials, as an axis to be undertaken towards a sustainable construction respectful of the environment for better living in the cities. The purpose is to open a debate: How to live better in the city, through the use of innovative materials?

Wear resistance evaluation of plasma nitrocarburized AISI 316L stainless steel

Purpose. Determination of the capacity of wires of overhead power transmission lines based on innovative materials without changing the currently used structures, as well as the possibility of increasing the voltage class of overhead transmission lines when using wires based on aluminum-zirconium materials. Methodology. Analytical method for determining the throughput capacity of overhead power transmission lines. Comparative analysis of electrical characteristics of wires of overhead power transmission lines. Findings. The possibility of increasing the capacity of overhead power transmission lines while maintaining the wire cross-section, using an innovative material based on an aluminum-zirconium alloy, has been proved. The reduction of the weight of the wire based on innovative materials is justified, while maintaining the current throughput. The advantages and disadvantages of European wire structures for overhead power transmission lines are revealed using innovative material based on an aluminum-zirconium alloy. The optimal design of wires based on the innovative material of the aluminum-zirconium alloy for overhead transmission lines, permissible for use on the territory of Ukraine, has been determined. Originality. The expediency of using the traditional designs of the wires of overhead power transmission lines has been proved, in the case of using innovative material. The possibility of increasing the voltage class of overhead power transmission lines using wires based on aluminum-zirconium materials has been substantiated. Practical value. The results are obtained regarding the electrical resistance of overhead power transmission lines to peak loads, taking into account the low costs of modernization with the use of an innovative material based on an alloy of aluminum and zirconium. The use of innovative material creates conditions for increasing the voltage class of overhead power transmission lines, which allows increasing the transmitted power to the consumer. The use of materials based on aluminum-zirconium alloys makes it possible to carry out measures for the reconstruction of electric supply networks without replacement of supports and additional work on land allocation, as in the case of reconstruction without increasing the voltage line class of power lines, and in case of increasing the voltage class.

This case study research investigated changing teacher roles associated with two teachers’ use of innovative mathematics materials at Grade Six level, in a setting which contained all the ideal ingredients for professional growth. Participant observation and interviews with the teachers over a seven-month period early in the use of the innovative materials and for a brief time five years later provided a picture of changing teacher roles, but also a sense of issues that had emerged. or persisted in the longer term. The greatest changes in these teachers’ roles (in the short and long term) related to increasing comfort with posing non-routine problems to students and allowing them to struggle together, and the provision of structured opportunities for student reflection upon activities and learning. However, little change was evident over the five year period in the teachers’ use of assessment practices or in their articulation of the “big ideas” of mathematics in the middle school years.

The construction industry plays a significant role in global resource consumption and environmental impact. In response, sustainable construction practices are increasingly focusing on the use of innovative materials to reduce environmental impact, improve energy efficiency, and enhance the overall sustainability of buildings and infrastructure. This review examines the latest advancements in innovative materials for sustainable construction and their potential to revolutionize the way we build. The review begins by outlining the key challenges facing the construction industry, including resource depletion, carbon emissions, and waste generation. It then explores the role of innovative materials in addressing these challenges, highlighting their ability to reduce energy consumption, improve durability, and lower lifecycle costs compared to traditional materials. Several innovative materials are discussed, including engineered wood products, recycled aggregates, and bio-based materials. Engineered wood products, such as cross-laminated timber, are increasingly being used as sustainable alternatives to traditional building materials due to their strength, durability, and carbon sequestration properties. Recycled aggregates, derived from construction and demolition waste, are being used to reduce the environmental impact of concrete production while conserving natural resources. Bio-based materials, such as bamboo and hempcrete, offer renewable alternatives to conventional building materials and have low embodied energy. The review also examines the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of innovative materials in sustainable construction, including cost considerations, regulatory barriers, and market acceptance. It concludes by highlighting the importance of continued research and development in the field of innovative materials to drive sustainable construction practices forward. Overall, this review demonstrates the significant potential of innovative materials to transform the construction industry and contribute to a more sustainable built environment. By embracing these materials and integrating them into sustainable construction practices, the industry can reduce its environmental footprint and create buildings and infrastructure that are more resilient, efficient, and environmentally friendly.

Development of nitride and DLC coatings for high performance milling of CFRP products

Background: It is of current importance to develop an algorithm for assessing chemical and physical safety of products for children and adolescents made with such innovative materials as organic cotton, bamboo, fibers and threads containing silver ions used for children’s underwear, materials impregnated with marigold extract for insoles of children’s footwear, and diapers from plant raw materials. The institute conducts testing and scientific substantiation of children’s goods made using innovative technologies. Objective: To assess safety of diapers made with innovative materials (ECO-diapers). Materials and methods: We conducted physicochemical, toxicological and organoleptic testing of 200 samples of medium size disposable baby ECO-diapers made with innovative materials. Results: The results of chemical and toxicological tests of ECO-diapers in a model aqueous environment showed that the formaldehyde concentration in aqueous extracts of the diaper samples ranged from 0.08 ± 0.020 to 0.1 mg/dm3; toxicity index values – from 74.1 to 89.1 %; pH – from 0.35 to 0.5 units, and the total phenolic content – from < 0.005 to 0.024 ± 0.002 mg/dm3, thus being within permissible limits. Measured concentrations of acetaldehyde, acrylonitrile, acetone, benzene, hexane, methyl and propyl alcohols, toluene, ethyl acetate, lead, arsenic, zinc, chromium were also below threshold values. Chemical testing of the samples of baby diapers in a model air environment with exposure duration of 4, 12, and 24 hours detected migration of chemicals already after four hours of exposure, which did not change following 12 and 24 hours. The value of water absorption capacity, which is one of the main indicators of functional benefit of diapers, ranged from 307.6 ± 30.8 g to 355.5 ± 35.5 g and significantly exceeded the established standard (not less than 240.0 g for medium size diapers) owing to the use of innovative materials in the production of ECO-diapers. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the necessity to develop special methodological approaches to measuring breathability of ECO- and traditional diapers, to regulate smell by including this organoleptic quality criterion in the list of safety requirements, and to limit exposure duration in a model air environment to four hours.

BACKGROUND: Improving ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) production techniques continues to be a top priority in medical engineering. This is due to the fact that liners are the weakest components of artificial joints, causing the majority of their damage or destruction. Filler reinforcement of UHMW PE improves the durability of UHMW PE products by decreasing the wear rate and coefficient of friction for various friction pairs. AIM: To assess the effect of ultra-low graphite nanoplate content (0.006–0.307 mass%) on the tribological properties and wear resistance of UHMW PE-based composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UHMW PE synthesized using various technologies was compared to commercial-grade UHMW PE produced by Ticona. The tribological properties were examined using the Nanovea Tribometer, and the wear resistance was assessed according to ISO 15527. RESULTS: The study identified the range of graphite nanoplate concentrations with the lowest coefficient of friction. The coefficient of friction of UHMW PE without a filler corresponds to that of commercial-grade products GUR 1020 and GUR 1050 of the Chirulen brand, and composites made from it have a lower coefficient of friction. The optimal filler concentration was determined based on tribological and wear test findings. CONCLUSION: Graphite nanoplates increase wear resistance when exposed to a water-sand suspension.

Background : It is of current importance to develop an algorithm for assessing chemical and physical safety of products for children and adolescents made with such innovative materials as organic cotton, bamboo, fibers and threads containing silver ions used for children’s underwear, materials impregnated with marigold extract for insoles of children’s footwear, and diapers from plant raw materials. The institute conducts testing and scientific substantiation of children’s goods made using innovative technologies. Objective : To assess safety of diapers made with innovative materials (ECO-diapers). Materials and methods: We conducted physicochemical, toxicological and organoleptic testing of 200 samples of medium size disposable baby ECO-diapers made with innovative materials. Results : The results of chemical and toxicological tests of ECO-diapers in a model aqueous environment showed that the formaldehyde concentration in aqueous extracts of the diaper samples ranged from 0.08 ± 0.020 to 0.1 mg/dm 3 ; toxicity index values – from 74.1 to 89.1 %; pH – from 0.35 to 0.5 units, and the total phenolic content – from < 0.005 to 0.024 ± 0.002 mg/dm 3 , thus being within permissible limits. Measured concentrations of acetaldehyde, acrylonitrile, acetone, benzene, hexane, methyl and propyl alcohols, toluene, ethyl acetate, lead, arsenic, zinc, chromium were also below threshold values. Chemical testing of the samples of baby diapers in a model air environment with exposure duration of 4, 12, and 24 hours detected migration of chemicals already after four hours of exposure, which did not change following 12 and 24 hours. The value of water absorption capacity, which is one of the main indicators of functional benefit of diapers, ranged from 307.6 ± 30.8 g to 355.5 ± 35.5 g and significantly exceeded the established standard (not less than 240.0 g for medium size diapers) owing to the use of innovative materials in the production of ECO-diapers. Conclusions : Our findings demonstrate the necessity to develop special methodological approaches to measuring breathability of ECO- and traditional diapers, to regulate smell by including this organoleptic quality criterion in the list of safety requirements, and to limit exposure duration in a model air environment to four hours.

Cutting blades for harvesting applications are used in a variety of agricultural machines. These parts are in contact with highly abrasive lawn clippings and often wear out within hours which results in high expensive re-sharpening maintenance. This paper relates to manufacturing techniques enhancing the durability of cutting blades based on a structural analysis of the prevailing wear mechanisms containing chipping and abrasive wear. Each mechanism results in specific demands on the cutting edge’s mechanical characteristics. The design of evaluation methods respectively is one issue of the paper. This is basis for approaches to improve the cutting edge performance on purpose. On option to improve abrasive wear resistance and, thus, service life is the application of locally graded steel materials as semi-finished products for self-sharpening cutting blades. These materials comprise a layered structure consisting of a hard, wear resistant layer and a relatively softer layer which is lesser wear resistant. As the cutting blade is subjected to wear conditions, the less wear resistant layer wears faster than the relatively more wear resistant harder layer revealing a durable cross section of the cutting edge and, thus, cutting performance. Anyways, chipping is another key issue on the cutting edge’s lifetime. Here, the cutting edges cross section by means of geometry and grind respectively as well as its mechanical properties matter. FEM analysis reveal innovative options to optimize the cross section of the blade as well as thermomechanical strengthening add further strength to reduce chipping. This paper contains a comprehensive strategy to improve cutting blades with use of innovative manufacturing technologies which apply application-specific graded mechanical characteristics and, thus, significantly improved performance characteristics.

The influence of micro-groove parameters on the lubrication performance of plane friction pair is studied, by combining theoretical analysis with experiment. The theoretical model of single-groove is established, the variation rules of bearing capacity, maximum pressure and friction coefficient are obtained by changing the number, width and depth of groove. At the same time, micro-grooves with different parameters are processed on the surface of friction pair, the variation rules of the average friction coefficient, friction coefficient under different lubrication conditions are obtained in experiment, and the wear condition of friction pair surface is observed. The results show that the lubrication performance of friction pair increases, with the increase of the micro-groove width. The numerical value of the groove width–depth ratio will influence the friction pair, when the width–depth ratio is greater than or equal to 2.5, the dynamic pressure effect of micro-groove occupies a dominant position, which can improve effectively the lubrication performance. When the width–depth ratio is less than 2.5, the micro-groove will have a negative impact, resulting in the increase of friction coefficient. The groove density will also influence the lubrication performance of friction pair, when the density is less than 10%, the spacing between the micro grooves is too large to collect wear particles, when the density is greater than 20%, the surface roughness of friction pair will be affected, leading to the increase of friction coefficient. The optimal parameters of the micro-groove obtained are as follows: the optimal density is 10%, the width is 0.1–0.2 mm, and the ratio of width to depth is greater than or equal to 2.5. In addition, by comparing the variation of friction coefficient under different lubrication conditions, it can be concluded that adding solid lubricant in lubricating oil, can not only reduce the friction coefficient value, but also decrease the variation fluctuation of friction coefficient.

The objective of the work is to review modern approaches to substantiating the interaction parameters of the main elements of gas-pumping units, in particular, compressor stations and turbines, taking into account temperature differences and their impact on the operation of these units. The methodology consists of an integrated approach to the study and development of technologies that improve the reliability, efficiency and economic benefit of gas-pumping units under changing temperature conditions. Results. The use of innovative materials, numerical modeling methods, intelligent control systems and advanced cooling and heating technologies helps reduce the impact of temperature changes on the efficiency and reliability of units. These technologies help to increase the service life of components, reduce energy costs and improve environmental safety. As a result, gas-pumping units become cost-effective and more competitive in conditions of variable climate and increasing demands on energy resources, which contributes to the sustainable development of the industry. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a methodology for optimizing the operation of GPUs under temperature fluctuations, combining materials science, thermodynamic modeling and intelligent control systems. For the first time, the influence of temperature differences on the material properties of GPU components has been taken into account, which allows increasing their efficiency and reliability. It is proposed to use numerical methods to adjust operating parameters and introduce innovative materials and improved cooling technologies that reduce heat loss. An innovative approach to automation and the use of artificial intelligence helps to improve environmental safety and optimize performance characteristics. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of technologies that increase the efficiency and reliability of the GPU under conditions of temperature fluctuations. The introduction of innovative materials, improved cooling and heating systems, as well as intelligent control systems allows to reduce heat loss, reduce component wear and extend their service life. This ensures stable operation of the GPU, reduces operating costs, improves environmental safety and contributes to the sustainable development of the gas transportation industry. Keywords: gas pumping units, temperature differences, scientific and technical developments, innovative materials, gas pipeline technologies, intelligent control systems

The aim of the paper is to investigate the improvement of mechanical properties and in particular wear resistance of laser surface alloyed dispersive reinforced thin layers produced by selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The wear resistance investigation of aluminium matrix composite layers in the conditions of dry friction surface with abrasive particles and nanoindentation tests were carried out. The process parameters (as scan speed) and their impact on the wear resistant layers have been evaluated. The alloyed layers containing metalized SiC particles were studied by Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The obtained experimental results of the laser alloyed thin layers show significant development of their wear resistance and nanohardness due to the incorporated reinforced phase of electroless nickel coated SiC particles.

Micro/nanotribology of ultra-thin hard amorphous carbon coatings using atomic force/friction force microscopy

Micro arc oxidation (MAO), also known as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), which is applied to obtain hard oxide coatings on aluminum alloys. The coatings formed during the MAO process are superior to anodic oxide coatings on plenty of properties, such as strong coating-substrate adhesion, adequate thickness, high hardness, excellent corrosion and wear resistance. There are several parameters affecting the properties of MAO coating, including composition of the substrate and electrolyte, process time, applied voltage and current density, but few works study the influence of cathodic current on MAO coating. This study investigated the effect of cathodic current density on the structures and properties of the coatings. The MAO coatings on 7075 Al alloys were obtained in aluminate-based electrolyte by using a bipolar pulsed power supply. The morphology, microstructure and compositions of the MAO coatings were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The measurements of surface roughness, thickness, and microhardness were also conducted. Furthermore, the ball-on-disk tribometer and potentiodynamic polarization were used to evaluate the wear and corrosion resistance, respectively. Experimental results showed that the ceramic coatings are mainly composed of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3. The microstructural observations of the MAO coatings revealed that with increasing cathodic current, the presence of pancake-like structure and the size of micro-pores are significantly reduced, meaning the coatings became smoother and more compact. Moreover, due to the low porosity and the phase composition, the microhardness of the ceramic coatings can reach ~1400 HV. With increasing cathodic current, the MAO coatings are nearly pore-free and crack-free. Therefore, the coatings exhibit an obvious improvement in corrosion and wear resistance.