Research on Carbon Emission Estimation of Rural Tourist Attractions Through Digital Management

This study employs land use and energy consumption data from Gansu Province spanning the years 2005 to 2020 and utilizes models to estimate carbon emissions and the corresponding carbon compensation values. The research calculated the carbon emissions and compensation for various administrative regions over different time periods, revealing the following insights: (1) There is a notable increasing trend in net carbon emissions due to land-use changes in Gansu Province, characterized by an initial swift rise, followed by a more gradual growth pattern. Construction land is identified as the primary contributor to carbon emissions, increasing from 26 million tons in 2005 to 55.3 million tons in 2020, which is an increase of 1.80 times; meanwhile, forested areas, as significant carbon sinks, show a slight increase in carbon absorption from 2.33 million tons in 2005 to 2.35 million tons in 2020. (2) The municipalities with high net carbon emissions are predominantly Lanzhou, Qingyang City, and Jiuquan City, which are marked by high levels of carbon emissions and low compensation rates. In contrast, regions with lower net carbon emissions are mainly found in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, where emissions are minimal and compensation rates are relatively high. A similarity in the spatial distribution patterns of both net carbon emission intensity and total net carbon emissions is observed among these cities. Alterations in land use have a significant impact on regional carbon emissions. Investigating the spatiotemporal variations of land-use change and carbon compensation in Gansu Province is essential for comprehending the dynamics of regional carbon emissions, developing effective emission reduction strategies, and fostering low-carbon development.

Excessive carbon emissions lead to global warming, which has attracted widespread attention in the global society. Carbon emissions and land use are closely related. An analysis of land use carbon emissions and carbon fairness can provide guidance for the formulation of energy conservation and emission reduction policies. This study uses data on agricultural production activities, land use and energy consumption and uses the carbon emission coefficient method to calculate carbon emissions and carbon absorption. The tendency value is used to analyze trends in land use carbon emissions and carbon absorption. The Gini coefficient, ecological support coefficient and economic contributive coefficient are used to analyze the fairness and difference of carbon emissions. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, there were fewer provinces with rapid growth in carbon emissions and carbon absorption and more provinces with slow growth. (2) Cultivated land and woodland are the main carriers of land use carbon absorption, and most provinces steadily maintain the type of carbon absorption to which they belong. (3) Carbon emissions from construction land are the main source of total carbon emissions, and the high concentration areas of carbon emissions are mainly located in the more economically developed areas. (4) There are obvious regional differences in the net carbon emissions. By 2015, Shanxi–Shandong High–High agglomeration areas and Yunnan–Guangxi Low–Low agglomeration areas were finally formed. (5) The distribution of carbon emissions in different provinces is not fair, and the spatial distribution is obviously different. Based on the analysis results, relevant suggestions are made from the perspectives of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement.

Spatio-temporal variations of the LUCC of the Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary in the past 40 years and its sustainable development

Human activities and land transformation are important factors in the growth of carbon emissions. In recent years, construction land for urban use in China has expanded rapidly. At the same time, carbon emissions in China are among the highest in the world. However, little is known about the relationship between the two factors. This study seeks to estimate the carbon emissions and carbon sequestrations of various types of land based on the land cover data of 137 county-level administrative regions in Shandong Province, China, from 2000 to 2020.The study estimated the carbon emissions for energy consumption using energy consumption data and night-time light images, hence, net carbon emissions. The Tapio decoupling coefficient was used to analyze the decoupling between the net carbon emissions and construction land, and where the model for the decoupling effort was constructed to explore the driving factors of decoupling. The results showed that net carbon emissions in Shandong Province continued to increase, and the areas with high carbon emissions were concentrated primarily in specific districts of the province. The relationship between net carbon emissions and construction land evolved from an expansive negative decoupling type to a strong negative decoupling type. Spatially, most areas in the province featured an expansive negative decoupling, but the areas with a strong negative decoupling have gradually increased. The intensive rate of land use and efficiencies in technological innovation have restrained carbon emissions, and they have contributed to an ideal decoupling situation. Although the intensity of carbon emission and the size of the population have restrained carbon emissions, efforts towards decoupling have faded. The degree of land use has facilitated carbon emissions, and in recent years, efforts have been made to achieve an ideal decoupling. The method of estimation of net carbon emissions devised in this research can lend itself to studies on other regions, and the conclusions provide a reference for China, going forward, to balance urbanization and carbon emissions.

With the proposal of dual carbon goals, enhancing carbon sinks and reducing carbon emissions has become a critical issue. Fisheries, as a component of agriculture, possess the dual attributes of being a “carbon sink” (biological carbon fixation) and a “carbon source” (the carbon emissions from fishing vessels). Therefore, it is necessary to assess the carbon sink and carbon emission levels of fisheries. The northern marine economic circle, which includes Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, and Shandong, is an important site for fisheries in China, characterized by abundant aquatic resources. However, a comprehensive assessment of the carbon budget for fisheries in this region is still unclear. This study calculated the carbon sinks, carbon emissions, and net carbon emissions associated with fisheries in the region from 2013 to 2020. Additionally, we used sensitivity analysis and scenario simulation to explore the factors influencing the net carbon emissions. The results revealed that the carbon budget of the northern marine economic circle was in a carbon deficit (the amount of carbon emissions was higher than that of carbon sinks) from 2013 to 2020. However, a downward trend in the net carbon emissions was observed, indicating the potential of achieving carbon neutrality. From the perspective of provinces, significant differences among provinces (cities) were found in terms of carbon sinks, carbon emissions, and net carbon emissions, with Shandong having the largest net carbon emissions. Furthermore, the production of clams and the use of seawater trawl net have a significant impact on the net carbon emissions. Increasing the production of clams while reducing the power of trawling operations can significantly decrease net carbon emissions. Based on these results, this study provides relevant suggestions to enhance the carbon sink capacity and decrease the carbon emissions of fisheries in the northern marine economic circle.

Currently, scientifically and reasonably specifying carbon emission reduction measures in the context of "double carbon" has become a common concern worldwide. China's administrative divisions have a notable impact on the formulation and implementation of relevant policies. Therefore the carbon emissions must be calculated accurately under China's administrative divisions at different scales. The spatiotemporal change characteristics of absorption and carbon emissions can provide scientific basis for the formulation of reasonable and differentiated carbon emission reduction policies in different administrative regions in China. To this end, this study used multi-source data such as remote sensing and statistics and integrated ecological models, statistics, and GIS space analysis and other methods to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamic change characteristics of carbon emissions and carbon absorption at different administrative scales （provinces, cities, and counties） in China. The results showed that： ① The total carbon absorption of vegetation in China continued to increase from 2000 to 2021 and the average value gradually increased. Differences were observed in spatiotemporal changes in carbon emissions at different administrative scales. The spatiotemporal changes at smaller scales were more evident. Carbon emissions showed obvious spatial differences of "high in the north and low in the south, high in the east and low in the west." ② The spatiotemporal distribution of CPI at the administrative scale was similar to that of carbon emissions and the overall trend was increasing annually. The pressure of carbon emissions on carbon absorption gradually weakened from the east to the central and western regions. ③ Spatiotemporal hotspot analysis showed that the overall spatial distribution of cold and hot spots in China's carbon absorption was as follows： In the spatial pattern of "hot in the east and cold in the west," the spatial distribution of cold and hot spots of carbon emissions showed agglomeration characteristics. The provincial scale was primarily oscillating hotspot whereas municipal and county scales were majorly continuous hot spots. Further results revealed that： ① Carbon absorption in different regions and periods in China showed significant variability, especially in the central and eastern regions. The possibility of offsetting carbon emissions by increasing carbon absorption remains. ② At the same scale, administrative regions （such as different provinces） and lower-level administrative regions at another scale （such as different cities in the same province） showed varying degrees of variability in carbon absorption and carbon emissions. Therefore, taking provincial administrative regions as an example for subsequent formulation considering carbon trading, emission reduction, and other policies, we should first consider the coordination of emissions between different cities in the province and then consider the coordination between provinces, which is expected to better promote the implementation of relevant policies.

Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of productive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption.

Urbanization and its impact on land use and land cover change are key drivers of global carbon balance shifts. Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon balance in relation to urbanization helps optimize regional planning and sustainable development. This study develops a city-level land use carbon balance system to quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use carbon balance across 130 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). Moran’s Index is applied to assess the spatial correlation of carbon balance, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is used to explore the relationship between urbanization levels and net carbon emissions. The results show the following: (1) From 2005 to 2021, land use carbon absorption in YREB cities remained relatively stable, whereas carbon emissions increased. Net carbon emissions increased by 574.61, 456.16, and 1163.60 Mt C in the upper, middle, and lower reaches, respectively. Nearly 98% of the cities exhibited a carbon balance index greater than 1, indicating a carbon deficit. Carbon emission intensity displayed a decreasing trend, with the most significant reductions observed in the middle reaches. (2) Land use carbon balance exhibits significant positive spatial correlation, with cities in the northeastern lower reaches and southwestern upper reaches forming “high–high” and “low–low” net carbon emission clusters. (3) Urbanization and per capita net carbon emissions followed an inverted “N”-shaped curve, with turning points at around 30% and 85% urbanization. This study provides insights into optimizing land use carbon management amidst urban growth in the YREB.

The environmental challenges posed by greenhouse gas emissions from rural tourism are becoming increasingly severe. Market-based measures are one of the indispensable measures to fill the carbon emission gap of rural tourism. Scenic spots are important nodes in low-carbon or carbon-neutral tourism practices. Based on this research background, based on the perspective of carbon neutrality, the paper discusses the theoretical framework and carbon compensation mechanism for the estimation of net carbon emissions from rural tourism destinations, as well as the impact on the transportation, management and waste carbon emissions of tourist attractions and forest land, grassland, gardens, waters, and beaches. The carbon absorption of the country was measured, and the carbon source and carbon sink of the scenic area were comprehensively evaluated, and then the way to realize the carbon compensation of the traditional village-type rural tourism destination was found.

Supply chain risks have been regarded as one of the most significant threats to business continuity. Digital technology is considered to reform human production and manufacturing methods. In the recent wake of COVID-19, disruptive digital technologies have emerged as a key tool to manage supply chain risks. Therefore, exploring the impact of digital technology on supply chain risks is considered an important topic in the supply chain management domain. The paper reviews different digital technologies such as 3D printing, IoT, Blockchains, RFID and Big Data Analytics used in supply chains. This exploratory study is based on a survey response from 176 supply chain professionals in China. The findings show the role of digital technologies in managing supply chain risks. The study highlights the current level of implementation of digital technologies in supply chain functions and emphasizes the importance of training. Moreover, the study underlines the significance of supply chain data analysis capabilities for supply chain risk management. The study adds to the limited literature exploring the importance of digital technologies in supply chain risk management.

Supply chain management has shown to be an aspect of construction that is neglected, yet with great impact on project delivery time frames and the overall cost of construction projects. This research seeks to identify, assess, and propose solutions for the challenges hindering the adoption of digital technologies in construction supply chain management, hence creating a sustainable foundation for practitioners and relevant agencies to leverage the benefits of digital technologies in the management of construction supply chain. The literature review identified challenges of digital technology adoption in construction supply chain management, guiding subsequent research. A structured questionnaire captured demographic data and insights, with 171 industry professionals surveyed. Data analysis, including Likert scale ratings and Relative Impact/Feasibility Index, informed an Impact-Feasibility Matrix. This matrix categorized challenges and strategies into quadrants, aiding prioritization. A conceptual framework emerged, offering actionable insights for addressing adoption challenges. The study identified 14 challenges to digital technology adoption in construction supply chain management, ranked by respondents. These challenges were categorized based on their impact and feasibility, with strategies mapped accordingly. The resulting framework prioritizes High Impact/High Feasibility challenges for action, while Low Impact/Low Feasibility challenges may require further exploration. This strategic approach aims to address key hurdles efficiently, enhancing the adoption of digital technologies in construction supply management. The findings from this study will inform construction practitioners and relevant agencies about the challenges hindering the seamless integration of digital technologies into construction supply chain management and propose feasible strategies for addressing these challenges.

This paper predicts Net Carbon Emissions of Yunnan form 2007 to 2050 through energy consumption carbon emissions based on economic growth model and forest carbon sinks based on CO2FIX model. Further, we analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions reduction and the contribution of forest carbon sinks to carbon emissions reduction, and then study low-carbon economy. The curves of energy consumption carbon emissions and net carbon emissions have an inverted "U" type, respectively with a peak value 129.71 MtC at 2035 and 118.89 MtC at 2035. We study carbon emissions from all aspects, including carbon emissions intensity, the carbon emissions, the declining rate of carbon emissions intensity, and the per capita net carbon emissions. Finally, we found that carbon emissions is more than carbon sinks by forests, and net carbon emissions inevitably increase due to the high-speed development of the economy, Afforestation and protecting the original forests can ecologically reduce carbon emissions. Facing the global carbon emissions, we need to develop low-carbon economy and take the path of sustainable development.

ABSTRACTClimate change has become a global issue. Universities, as major contributors to carbon emissions, have been asked to make efforts to reduce their carbon emissions. In this situation, carbon absorption by forests has been regarded as a means of mitigating carbon emissions. Therefore, this study examined the factors in carbon emissions, as well as the influence of carbon absorption on carbon reduction, through a data-centered analysis on the campus. An analysis of the Pusan National University campus, as an example, showed that the primary cause of carbon emissions is the use of electricity in buildings on the campus (63.8% of the total amount of emitted carbon), followed by indirect carbon emissions by movement of the campus’ members (21.5%). However only 0.66% of the amount emitted carbon is absorbed by forests. Therefore, effect of carbon reduction on the campus caused by carbon absorption is too small. Although the carbon absorption effect of the trees is inadequate, the value of trees still exists due to their environmental effects. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to reduce carbon emission by reducing electricity use and vehicle operation and provide a plan for using carbon absorption as a complementary measure.

The marine fishing industry has a huge carbon sink potential and is also an important source of carbon emissions. The low-carbon development of the marine fishing industry is particularly important. Based on the perspective of carbon neutrality, this study analyzed the trend of net carbon emissions, carbon emissions and carbon sinks in the offshore fishing industry in China and 11 coastal provinces from 2010 to 2019 and decomposed the driving factors of the net carbon emissions of the offshore fishing industry with the LMDI decomposition method. The results show the following: (1) China’s offshore fishing industry is in a partially carbon-neutral state. Overall, the net carbon emissions have decreased, and the carbon neutrality capacity has improved. However, the net carbon emissions have increased since 2016. From 2010 to 2019, both the carbon emissions and carbon sinks of China’s offshore fishing industry declined. Carbon emissions fluctuated at first and then declined rapidly, while carbon sinks rose slowly and then showed a significant downward trend. (2) The offshore fishing industry in coastal provinces is also in a state of partial carbon neutrality, and the trends of carbon emissions, carbon sinks and net carbon emissions in most provinces are consistent with the national trends, but there are large differences between regions. (3) For the whole country, among the driving factors of net carbon emissions in the offshore fishing industry, industrial development is the main positive driving factor, and population size is the main negative driving factor. The net carbon coefficient and energy intensity also play a certain role in driving net carbon emissions. (4) Population size is an important inhibitory factor for the net carbon emissions of the offshore fishing industry in most coastal provinces, and the driving direction of the net carbon coefficient, energy intensity and industrial development is inconsistent. Based on the above research, relevant suggestions are put forward for the green development of the marine fishing industry.

Carbon emissions from land use have become one of the hotspots in global climate change research, and their impact is second only to carbon emissions from fossil energy combustion. Taking 325 county units in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River economic zone as the research object, the change rules and spatial characteristics of land use carbon emissions from 2000 to 2022 were explored. On this basis, coordinated zoning was carried out, and targeted strategies were proposed. The results showed that： ① From 2000 to 2022, the net carbon emissions in the study area showed a fluctuating and rising trend. From 2000 to 2010, the average annual growth rate was approximately 1 322.47×104 t； from 2010 to 2015, the growth rate slowed down； and the net carbon emissions in 2020 were reduced by 414.54×104 t compared with those in 2015. It was expected to gradually recover from 2020 to 2022. ② The spatial pattern of land use carbon emissions showed significant regional differences, with Wuhan, Changsha, and Nanchang County as the high-value core. The spatial distribution pattern of net carbon emissions increased significantly in most districts and counties from 2000 to 2022, but the Le'an, Yihuang, Hefeng, Suining, Yuanling, and Shennongjia forest areas maintained very low carbon emissions for many years. ③ The economic contribution coefficient of carbon emissions was higher in the west and south and lower in the east and north, and the coefficient interval showed a significant growth trend. The number of county units with less high values but a coefficient less than 1 increased from 149 in 2000 to 231 in 2022, and the regional gap of economic efficiency of carbon emissions increased. ④ The carbon ecological carrying coefficient distribution was concave in space, showing lower carbon ecological carrying coefficients in the northern districts and counties with Wuhan metropolitan area as the core than those in the southern, eastern, and western regions. During the study period, the maximum carbon ecological carrying coefficient first increased and then decreased, reaching a peak of 28.11 in 2015. ⑤ According to the carbon emission economic contribution coefficient, carbon ecological carrying coefficient, and net carbon emission in the study area over the years, the 325 county units were divided into carbon sink functional zones （11）, low-carbon economic zones （8）, low-carbon maintenance zones （57）, economic development zones （126）, carbon intensity control zones （44）, and high-carbon optimization zones （79）, and differentiated low-carbon development strategies were proposed. District-based regulation is conducive to promoting coordinated emission reduction among counties in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River economic zone, promoting regional low-carbon economic development, and creating a model for regional linkage carbon emission reduction.