Abstract
The relationship between endometritis and cystic ovarian disease (COD) is still unclear in Japanese Black cattle. Endometritis is classified into clinical endometritis (CE) and subclinical endometritis (SE). The objective of this study was to clarify the interaction between postpartum endometritis (CE and SE) and COD in Japanese Black cattle. Twenty-six suckled cows with COD (COD group) and 16 suckled cows with cyclical ovarian activity (CA group) were submitted for the experiment. Uterine conditions of cows were classified into three groups (normal, CE, and SE) with vaginal mucus test and endometrial cytology. The combined data of CE and SE were represented as data for total endometritis (EMT total). The prevalence of EMT total in the COD group (42.3 %, ) was significantly higher than that of the CA group (12.5 %, ). The mean percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN %) in the COD group was significantly higher than that of the CA group at 40–60 DPP (days postpartum). Compared to 61–295 DPP, the mean PMN % at 40–60 DPP was significantly higher in the COD group. The diameters of uterine horn and cervix did not differ among normal uterine condition, CE and SE in the COD group, and they did not differ between normal uterine condition and SE in the CA group. However, endometrial thickness during both 40–60 and 61–295 DPP were greater in the COD group than in the CA group. In conclusion, Japanese Black cattle with COD have a potential implication on endometritis at 40–60 DPP compared to the normal ovarian cycle. As a specific symptom was not observed by transrectal ultrasonography, endometrial cytology is effective for diagnosis of SE in Japanese Black cattle.
Highlights
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) and endometritis are major reproductive problems in both dairy and beef cattle during the postpartum period, resulting in a prolonged open period (Garverick, 1997; Gobikrushanth et al, 2016)
Since postpartum endometritis is common in Japan (Suzuki, 2012), similar mechanisms relating to endometritis are assumed to provoke COD in Japanese Black cattle, and we will evaluate the relationship between endometritis and COD without the effect of milk production
Some studies reported the relationship between endometritis and COD in dairy cattle (Kesler and Garverick, 1982; Bosu and Peter, 1987; Kim et al, 2005); research into postpartum dairy cattle cannot exclude the effects of milk production
Summary
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) and endometritis are major reproductive problems in both dairy and beef cattle during the postpartum period, resulting in a prolonged open period (Garverick, 1997; Gobikrushanth et al, 2016). Endometrial cytology by the cytobrush method revealed that the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN %) was high in dairy cattle with COD at 6 weeks postpartum (Senosy et al, 2011). These previous studies in dairy cattle cannot exclude the effects by milk production that cause puerperal problems (Opsomer and Kruif, 2009) and ovarian dysfunction (Opsomer et al, 2006) in highyielding dairy cattle. The study of these two diseases in the postpartum period is necessary to enhance the reproductive performance of Japanese Black cattle
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