Research of dental cements properties in experiment on remote teeth reinforced by individual transdental implants

Abstract

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the adhesion strength at a static load on the gap of dental cement joints of an individual milled transdental implant with solid tissues of the tooth root. The samples consisted of a composition composed of a conical-shaped structure (similar to a transdental implant made of titanium alloy and zirconium dioxide) inserted into the canal of a natural tooth stump and fixed in it with cement gluing. The experiments were performed on previously removed teeth with a resected root tip in the amount of 78 units. As a result of the study, cements were identified that ensure the highest adhesive strength of the joint “individual transdental implant–dental cement–stump of an extracted tooth” in the specimen. For the root fixation of titanium alloy implants, composite Multilink-N cement is recommended, and for zirconium dioxide implants, Fuji-1 glass ionomer cement is recommended. At the second stage, the effect of artificial surface roughness of the implant on the adhesion properties of the cement joint implant–tooth was investigated. To this end, before conducting experiments on the extrusion of the pins, the samples surfaces were sandblasted with aluminum oxide granules of 50, 150, 250 microns in size. Cements were used for fixation, which showed the highest adhesive characteristics at the previous stage. It turned out that an increase in the roughness size in the range of 50–250 μm improves the adhesion parameters of the cement joint implant – tooth for all tested cements. The presence of implant roughness allows one to withstand a significantly greater load compared to a smooth implant, and an increase in the implant surface roughness value from 50 to 250 μm also significantly (almost 2.5 times) increases the load.