Abstract
Objective: Different biomaterials have been used as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of bovine bone collagen to the porosity, water retention, degradation rate and biomechanical characteristics of composite scaffolds. Methods: Bovine bone collagen solution was mixed with cellulose nanofibers solution, and then the mixture was added a certain quality of hydroxyapatite. We divided the mixture into two groups according to the different bovine bone collagen solution mass fraction: No.1 (0 % bovine bone collagen), No.2 (50 % bovine bone collagen). The surface structure and the pore size was observed under the Scanning electron microscopic. Then we calculated the porosity, degradation rate, water content and biomechanical properties. Results: Two groups of scaffold materials showed a multi-pore structure. The average pore size were 133.4 ±13.5 �m and 221.7 ± 16.8�m. The porosity was (91.65 ±1.75) % and (85.42 ±1.48) %. Statistical analysis showed that two groups of material porosity difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). The degradation rates of two groups of scaffold materials at six weeks were (60.25 ±1.81) % and (23.16 ±1.027) %. Statistical analysis showed that the degradation rate of the material differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Water content of two groups of scaffold materials was (97.44 ±0.98 %and (91.36 ±0.77) %. Statistical analysis showed that the water content of the material differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Biomechanical properties of the second group increased significantly. Conclusion: It could be seen from the experimental data that bovine bone collagen could increase the pore size, improved stability to degradation and the biomechanical strength of materials. Therefore, the biocomposite studied has several characteristics considered as ideal for its use as a scaffold for osteoconduction and osteoinduction.
Highlights
With an increase of the mean population age, the development and optimization of bone regeneration techniques represents a major clinical need for many countries[1]
It has been the thorny issue of clinical to repair bone defects caused by tumors, trauma or deformity
Porosity and moisture content in the two groups were 85 %, while the porosity No.2 group and water content below No.1 group, but still able to meet the needs of cell growth
Summary
With an increase of the mean population age, the development and optimization of bone regeneration techniques represents a major clinical need for many countries[1]. Auto grafts have limitations due to the necessity of an additional surgery, limited donor bone supply, an atomical and structural problems and inadequate resorption rate during healing. Allografts have the disadvantage of a potential immune response, transmitting diseases, and they may induce the loss of osteoinduction[2]. With the rapid development of science and tissue engineering, bone tissue repair research has made great progress in recent years. Cellulose nanofibers is widely used in bone tissue engineering because of its good hydrophilicity and biodegrad-ability under normal physiological conditions[3]. Cellulose nanofibers could increase the mechanical strength of the stent and could be formed in a short time frame.
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