Abstract

We study spacing distribution for the eigenvalues of a random normal matrix, in particular at points on the boundary of the spectrum. Our approach uses Ward’s (or the “rescaled loop”) equation—an identity satisfied by all sequential limits of the rescaled one-point functions.

Highlights

  • Introduction and Results1.1 Potential Theory and DropletsFix a suitable function (“external potential”) Q : C → R ∪ {+∞}

  • 8 Concluding Remarks In Subsection 8.1, we explain how the boundary kernel K = G F in the Ginibre case can be related to asymptotics of section of the exponential function

  • In Subsection 8.2, we will mention some connections to the theory of Hilbert spaces of entire functions and to the theories of certain special functions

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Summary

Potential Theory and Droplets

Fix a suitable function (“external potential”) Q : C → R ∪ {+∞}. Let P denote the class of positive, compactly supported Borel measures on C. We always assume that Q is lower semi-continuous and that Q is finite on some set of positive logarithmic capacity. With these assumptions, the complement Sc has a local Schwarz function at each boundary point, and we can rely on the fundamental theorem of Sakai [33] concerning domains with local Schwarz functions. We can apply Sakai’s regularity theorem, which implies that all but finitely many boundary points p ∈ ∂ S are regular in the sense that there is a disc D = D( p; ) such that D \ S is a Jordan domain and D ∩ (∂ S) is a real analytic arc. Such points can be classified further as cusps or double points

Rescaling Eigenvalue Ensembles
A Priori Estimates
Translation Invariant Solutions to Ward’s Equation
Berezin Kernel and Mass-One Equation
Organization of the Paper
Principles of Notation
Free Boundary Ginibre Ensemble
Potentials and Reproducing Kernels
Bulk Approximations
Auxiliary Estimates
Convergence of Approximate Kernels
Holomorphic Kernels and Positivity
Ward’s Equation and the Mass-One Inequality
Ward’s Identity
Rescaled Version
Ward’s Equation
Reformulation of Ward’s Equation
A Priori Estimates at Regular Boundary Points
Heat Kernel Estimate
Bergman Projection Estimate
An Exterior Estimate
Translation Invariant Solutions
The Convolution Representation of a Translation Invariant Limiting Kernel
Translation Invariant Limiting Kernels at Regular Boundary Points
Radially Symmetric Potentials
Ward’s Equation at the Hard Edge of the Spectrum
Ward’s Equation at Bulk Singularities and Mittag–Leffler Fields
Ward’s Equation and the Mass-One Equation for β-Ensembles
Concluding Remarks
Sections of Power Series
The Mass-One Equation and Hilbert Spaces of Entire Functions
Twisted Convolutions

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