Reported Cases and Deaths of National Notifiable Infectious Diseases - China, October 2025.

Epidemiological evidence on the effects of air pollution on infectious diseases remains inconsistent, highlighting the need for further research and analysis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) and the risk of national notifiable infectious diseases in Shanghai, a megacity in China. A double-pollutant model was used for each air pollutant, utilizing time-series analysis to separately apply single and distributed lag models (DLMs) to assess the exposure-lag-response relationship for 43 national notifiable infectious diseases (NNIDs) from 2013 to 2019. The model was adjusted for seasonality, long-term trends, mean temperature, relative humidity, and other air pollutants. Analysis was further conducted for seven NNID categories (vaccine-preventable; bacterial; gastrointestinal and enterovirus; sexually transmitted and bloodborne; vector-borne; zoonotic; and quarantinable diseases) as well as specific diseases. The study included 661,267 NNID cases and found that PM2.5 and O3 exposures were associated with increased NNID risks, although not within the same categories. A 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 was associated with a higher risk of total NNIDs (relative risk [RR] at lag 1 month: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.65), vaccine-preventable diseases (RR at lag 1 month: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02-3.01), and sexually transmitted and bloodborne diseases (RR at lag 2 month: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00-1.26). However, the association with PM2.5 remained inconclusive. These findings suggest a potential link between ambient air pollution exposure and the risk of infectious diseases, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between air pollution and notifiable infectious diseases, as well as an in-depth evaluation of disparities across the disease spectrum.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate differences of the national notifiable infectious diseases (NNID) occurred in Jejudobecause it has unique geographical and climatologic characteristics compared with other areas in Korea.Methods: The source of data was on the Infectious Disease Statistics System operated by Centers for Disease Control &Prevention in Korea between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2016. After calculating the proportion of sum of years showinga higher incidence in Jejudo than nationwide divided by sum of comparing years (PSYH) among 40 NNID, authors defined theinfectious diseases for control in Jejudo (IDCJ) with PSYH over 75%. And priorities among infectious diseases for control inJejudo (PIDCJ) were defined as infectious diseases showing an increasing trend in 2014-2016 among IDCJ.Results: IDCJ included five legally infectious diseases such as Enterohemorragic Escherichia coli infection (EHEC), chickenpox, pertussis, syphilis, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Among them, EHEC, pertussis, and syphilis weredefined as PIDCJ.Conclusions: The results support main evidences to plan strategies and distribute community resources for control andprevention of infectious diseases in Jejudo, Korea.

Objectives:This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of national notifiable infectious diseases (NNIDs) and meteorological factors, air pollution levels, and hospital resources in Korea.Methods:We collected and stored 660 000 pieces of publicly available data associated with infectious diseases from public data portals and the Diseases Web Statistics System of Korea. We analyzed correlations between the monthly incidence of these diseases and monthly average temperatures and monthly average relative humidity, as well as vaccination rates, number of hospitals, and number of hospital beds by district in Seoul.Results:Of the 34 NNIDs, malaria showed the most significant correlation with temperature (r=0.949, p<0.01) and concentration of nitrogen dioxide (r=-0.884, p<0.01). We also found a strong correlation between the incidence of NNIDs and the number of hospital beds in 25 districts in Seoul (r=0.606, p<0.01). In particular, Geumcheon-gu was found to have the lowest incidence rate of NNIDs and the highest number of hospital beds per patient.Conclusions:In this study, we conducted a correlational analysis of public data from Korean government portals that can be used as parameters to forecast the spread of outbreaks.

Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on 64 notifiable infectious diseases in Australia: A Bayesian Structural Time Series model.

Infectious diseases are known to be affected by climate change. We investigated if the infectious diseases were related to meteorological factors in Korea. Scrub typhus, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), leptospirosis, malaria and Vibrio vulnificus sepsis among the National Notifiable Infectious Diseases were selected as the climate change-related infectious diseases. Temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were used as meteorological factors. The study period was from 2001 through 2008. We examined the seasonality of the diseases and those correlations with meteorological factors. We also analyzed the correlations between the incidences of the diseases during the outbreak periods and monthly meteorological factors in the hyper-endemic regions. All of the investigated diseases showed strong seasonality; malaria and V. vulnificus sepsis were prevalent in summer and scrub typhus, HFRS and leptospirosis were prevalent in the autumn. There were significant correlations between the monthly numbers of cases and all the meteorological factors for malaria and V. vulnificus sepsis, but there were no correlation for the other diseases. However, the incidence of scrub typhus in hyper-endemic region during the outbreak period was positively correlated with temperature and humidity during the summer. The incidences of HFRS and leptospirosis had positive correlations with precipitation in November and temperature and humidity in February, respectively. V. vulnificus sepsis showed positive correlations with precipitation in April/May/July. In Korea, the incidences of the infectious diseases were correlated with meteorological factors, and this implies that the incidences could be influenced by climate change.

In 2020 and 2021, humanity lived in fear due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, with the development of artificial intelligence technology, mankind is attempting to tackle many challenges from currently unpredictable epidemics. Korean society has been exposed to various infectious diseases since the Korean War in 1950, and to overcome them, the six most serious cases in National Notifiable Infectious Diseases (NNIDs) category I were defined. Although most infectious diseases have been overcome, viral hepatitis A has been on the rise in Korean society since 2010. Therefore, in this paper, the prediction of viral hepatitis A, which is rapidly spreading in Korean society, was predicted by region using the deep learning technique and a publicly available dataset. For this study, we gathered information from five organizations based on the open data policy: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea Meteorological Agency (KMA), Public Open Data Portal, and Korea Environment Corporation (KECO). Patient information, water environment information, weather information, population information, and air pollution information were acquired and correlations were identified. Next, an epidemic outbreak prediction was performed using data preprocessing and 3D LSTM. The experimental results were compared with various machine learning methods through RMSE. In this paper, we attempted to predict regional epidemic outbreaks of hepatitis A by linking the open data environment with deep learning. It is expected that the experimental process and results will be used to present the importance and usefulness of establishing an open data environment.

Objective Assess the risk of public health emergency and concerned infectious diseases in China, June 2013. Methods Semi-structured interviews and discussions among subject matter experts based on surveillance data and public institute bulletins, et al. Results The trend and level of national public health emergency from January to May 2013, were similar as the same period of 2012, and lower than the average of 20052011. National notifiable infectious diseases from January to May 2013 were lower than the same period of 2012 by 11%, but measles, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) were still be at high level. June 2013 will be at a high frequency of emergent public health events throughout the year, but the level should be lower than in April and May 2013. June 2013 would be the high epidemic season for intestinal infectious diseases and insect-borne infectious disease. There might be still a few scattered cases of human infection with influenza A(H7N9); the overall level of HFMD would still be at high level; the cholera could not rule out the possibility of local outbreaks; imported cases of dengue and malaria will still be the dominant of the total cases; measles, and HFRS had past their peak seasons. Food poisoning events may by still on the rise. Since May 2013, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) cases had been significantly increasing, and the countries and regions with reporting cases had widened.Conclusion It is expected that the national public health emergencies and epidemic situation of infectious diseases in June 2013, would be similar as the June before. We need to strengthen surveillance and preparedness for MERS, H7N9, HFMD and food poisoning.

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne infectious disease in North America, and it was designated as a national notifiable infectious disease in Korea in December 2010. While no cases in Jeju-do were recorded from 2012 to 2016, a recent survey reported that the seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in horses in Jeju-do was 19.0% (95% confidence interval, 12.0 to 28.3%). This fact suggests that horses may be a potential reservoir of LB in Jeju-do and that individuals in close contact with horses may be a high-risk group. Thus, a serological study in this high-risk group is urgently needed.

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