Abstract
Abstract Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of rootstock (seedling, M.26, MM.106), soil fumigation (metam-sodium, methyl bromide), and planting hole substrate (original soil, non-orchard soil, organic mix) on early growth of ‘Granny Smith’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) in a Quincy sand. Application of soil fumigants in the fall before tree planting the next spring or replacement of the original soil with non-orchard planting hole substrates having greater water-holding capacity and nutrient status significantly improved tree growth. Combination of fumigation and soil replacement had a synergistic positive effect on tree growth. The size-controlling characteristics of the rootstocks were evident in the non-orchard soil and organic mix treatments, but not when the trees were planted in the original orchard soil. Chemical name used: sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam-sodium).
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