Renal tubular responses to low-dose infusion of angiotensin II in type 1 diabetes mellitus; relation to chronic glycaemic control

Abstract

Renal responses to low-dose infusion of angiotensin II (ANGII, 1.25 and 2.5 ng.kg-1 min-1) were examined in 15 patients with type 1 diabetes and in 10 control subjects after pretreatment with lithium carbonate (750 mg, 20 mmol). Mean arterial pressure rose during ANGII infusion in both groups. The renal haemodynamic response to angiotensin II was not abnormal in the diabetic patients. Absolute proximal reabsorption of sodium was increased at baseline in the diabetic group, and fell during ANGII. Fractional lithium excretion was reduced in the diabetic patients at baseline (P < 0.05), and the fall in fractional lithium excretion during ANGII was less than in the control group (P = 0.012). In the diabetic group correlations existed between glycated haemoglobin and baseline glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.05), baseline fractional lithium excretion (P = 0.03), and the fall in fractional lithium excretion during angiotensin II infusion (P = 0.013). There was no correlation between glycated haemoglobin and absolute lithium clearance. Some indices of sodium reabsorption by the proximal renal tubule in diabetic patients correlate with prevailing chronic glycaemic control, largely reflecting changes in glomerular filtration rate. Reduced fractional proximal tubular responsiveness to exogenous angiotensin II is consistent with a role for endogenous angiotensin II as one mediator of increased tubular reabsorption of sodium in type 1 diabetes, but the data does not exclude alternative mechanisms.