Renal stone disease in the border regions of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa: Role of diet, urinary pH and body mass index

Abstract

Introduction: Although surgical treatments remove the offending stone, do little to alter the course of the disease. The incidence of stone disease is on the rise, a thorough understanding of the etiology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of urinary tract stone disease is necessary so as to develop an effective medial prophylactic program. We took up this study to analyze geographical factors, diet, body mass index (BMI) in patients from North West Karnataka, South coastal Maharashtra and Goa. Materials and Methods: Patients with renal stones for surgical management at our hospital formed study group. A detailed history of these patients was recorded. The patient's data in relation to diet, BMI, urinary pH, chemical composition of the stone were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 250, of these 160 patients were from north western Karnataka, 43 from the state of Goa and 47 were from south coastal Maharashtra. Male: Female ratio was 2.33:1. When compared with patients from North West Karnataka and South coastal Maharashtra the mean BMI of the patients from Goa was significantly high, P P Conclusions: Nonvegetarian diet was most commonly seen amongst patients from Goa (74.4%) and south coastal Maharashtra (65.6%) when compared to patients from North West Karnataka (38.2%). Calcium stones were the most common in all the three regions, though the incidence of uric acid calculi was the highest in patients from Goa (37.3%). The urinary pH was significantly lower in patients from Goa when compared with patients from North West Karnataka and South coastal Maharashtra.