Abstract
The present work evaluated the performance of two treatment systems in reducing indicators of biological contamination in swine production wastewater. System I consisted of two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, with 510 and 209 L in volume, being serially arranged. System II consisted of a UASB reactor, anaerobic filter, trickling filter, and decanter, being also organized in series, with volumes of 300, 190, 250, and 150 L, respectively. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) applied in the first UASB reactors were 40, 30, 20, and 11 h in systems I and II. The average removal efficiencies of total and thermotolerant coliforms in system I were 92.92% to 99.50% and 94.29% to 99.56%, respectively, and increased in system II to 99.45% to 99.91% and 99.52% to 99.93%, respectively. Average removal rates of helminth eggs in system I were 96.44% to 99.11%, reaching 100% as in system II. In reactor sludge, the counts of total and thermotolerant coliforms ranged between 105 and 109 MPN (100 mL)−1, while helminth eggs ranged from 0.86 to 9.27 eggs g−1 TS.
Highlights
IntroductionThe intensification of feedlot swine production is responsible for producing large amounts of liquid waste, which once released without treatment into nature can pollute water springs, affect air quality from gas emissions, and cause insect proliferation [2]
Pig farming has greatly intensified in recent years
In treatment system I, with two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors in series, an effluent with superior microbiological quality for the evaluated coliform indicators, except in assay 4, when the values were identical for total coliforms
Summary
The intensification of feedlot swine production is responsible for producing large amounts of liquid waste, which once released without treatment into nature can pollute water springs, affect air quality from gas emissions, and cause insect proliferation [2]. Feedlot conditions result in high prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms on floor surfaces, as the digestive and urinary systems of pigs are their main routes of waste disposal. There are still controversies with regard to admissible risks, and by extension, the necessary and sufficient quality of effluents in order to guarantee health protection. There are still controversies with regard to admissible risk levels, and by extension, the level of treatment and the necessary and sufficient quality of effluents in order to guarantee health safety [4,5,6]
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