Abstract
This study investigated the purification and refining method for producing a nanometer size zinc oxide (ZnO) from the low-grade ZnO commercial powder using low cost ammonium carbonate solution as a leaching agent. The atomic absorption spectroscopy results show that the concentration of iron, lead and cadmium can be dramatically reduced by ammonium carbonate leaching and washing. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that structural properties can improve the degree of the preferential c-axis orientation, grain size, and surface morphology of ZnO by solvent evaporation. All physical and chemical results are of particular significance for the preparation of purified ZnO for device fabrication in photovoltaic industry, functional ZnO coatings, and polymer nanocomposite applications.
Highlights
Today zinc oxide is highly demanded and an active material as key ingredient in several mineral sunscreens, vitamin supplements, diaper rash creams and acne treatments sold in drug stores [1]
It can be seen that this leaching process has improved crystal quality of the zinc oxide (ZnO) powder and there is no effect on the ZnO phase
The resulted energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum confirmed the presence of zinc oxide (ZnO) powder and mostly strong energy peaks are associated for zinc (Zn) atoms and weak energy peak of oxygen (O) atom
Summary
Today zinc oxide is highly demanded and an active material as key ingredient in several mineral sunscreens, vitamin supplements, diaper rash creams and acne treatments sold in drug stores [1]. Heavy metal impurities such as cadmium, lead and iron in the commercial ZnO can be considered a problem when used in medicines and other pharmaceutical products. Other production techniques for crystalline bulk material include vapour phase which can produce high quality and has low impurity concentrations, it is costly and not ascendable [3] It is not appropriate for high volume production
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