Remnant cholesterol predicts major cardiovascular events in cardiovascular disease patients with NAFLD

Abstract

Abstract Remnant cholesterol has attracted interest as a marker of cardiovascular event risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the power of remnant cholesterol to predict major cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We enrolled a high-risk cohort of 1420 consecutive patients with established cardiovascular disease (1183 patients with stable coronary artery disease and 237 patients with peripheral artery disease). NAFLD was diagnosed using the validated fatty liver index (FLI). Prospectively, MACE including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke were recorded over a mean follow-up period of 9.6±5.0 years. At baseline, remnant cholesterol was significantly higher in patients with NAFLD (n=683) than in patients who did not have NAFLD (29±26 mg/dl vs. 19±16 mg/dl; p<0.001). During follow-up, 570 of our patients suffered MACE. Remnant cholesterol in Cox regression models adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, body mass index and LDL cholesterol independently predicted MACE in the total study population (standardized adjusted HR 1.15 [1.06-1.24], p<0.001), and both in patients with NAFLD as well as in those who did not have NAFLD (standardized adjusted HRs 1.16 [1.03-1.30], p=0.012 and 1.14 [1.02-1.27], p=0.028, respectively). From our data we conclude that remnant cholesterol is a predictor of MACE in cardiovascular disease patients with NAFLD.