Abstract
Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize computing, but its significant sensitivity to noise requires sophisticated error correction and mitigation. Traditionally, noise on the quantum device is characterized directly through qubit and gate measurements, but this approach has drawbacks in that it does not adequately capture the effect of noise on realistic multi-qubit applications. In this paper, we simulate the relaxation of stationary quantum states on a quantum computer to obtain a unique spectroscopic fingerprint of the computer’s noise. In contrast to traditional approaches, we obtain the frequency profile of the noise as it is experienced by the simulated stationary quantum states. Data from multiple superconducting-qubit IBM processors show that noise generates a bath within the simulation that exhibits both colored noise and non-Markovian behavior. Our results provide a direction for noise mitigation but also suggest how to use noise for quantum simulations of open systems.
Highlights
Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize computing, but its significant sensitivity to noise requires sophisticated error correction and mitigation
If a quantum system in a stationary state is simulated on an ideal quantum computer, the quantum system will remain in that stationary state for all time
The resulting time dependence in the frame of the simulation provides us with a frequency profile of the noise as it is experienced by the simulated stationary quantum state
Summary
Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize computing, but its significant sensitivity to noise requires sophisticated error correction and mitigation. We simulate the relaxation of stationary quantum states on a quantum computer to obtain a unique spectroscopic fingerprint of the computer’s noise. Data from multiple superconductingqubit IBM processors show that noise generates a bath within the simulation that exhibits both colored noise and non-Markovian behavior. Entanglement allows us to process and store exponentially more information than a classical computer This potential capability and its advantages, come with a significant sensitivity to noise[6,11–13] that introduces errors that degrade performance, especially on current-to-near-term quantum computers. We simulate stationary states on a quantum computer to obtain a unique spectroscopic fingerprint of the computer’s noise. The resulting time dependence in the frame of the simulation provides us with a frequency profile of the noise as it is experienced by the simulated stationary quantum state. Our results provide a direction for noise mitigation and suggest how to use noise for quantum simulations of open systems[8,34–41]
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