Abstract
Abstract Chapter 24 introduces the field of cosmology. It starts by considering Olber’s paradox and then constructs a simple Newtonian cosmology model. It then discusses the cosmological principle and Weyl’s postulate as assumptions that go into formulating relativistic cosmology. It shows how this leads to the Robertson–Walker metrics and how, when these are substituted into Einstein’s equations, one obtains the Friedmann equation, which is an evolution equation for space-time. The geometry of such Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW, for short) solutions is then studied, which leads to so-called FRW cosmologies. Finally, it is shown that these satisfy Hubble’s law, in which the velocity of recession of distant stars, as defined by their gravitational red shift, is (approximately) proportional to their distance from the observer.
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