Abstract
As the first time worldwide, this study aimed to investigate the relationships of hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperuricemia with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and renal function in Chinese centenarians. The China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study was performed in 18 cities and counties of the Hainan Province. Home interview, physical examination, and blood analysis were performed on 808 centenarians following standard procedures. All centenarians had a median age of 102 (100–115) years. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperuricemia was 91.6% (740 centenarians) and 28.5% (230 centenarians), respectively. The MetS was present in 117 centenarians (14.5%). In simple correlation analyses, hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperuricemia were significantly correlated with MetS and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.05 for all). Serum homocysteine levels were significantly correlated with GFR, waist circumference (WC), and triglyceride levels, while serum uric acid levels were significantly correlated with these variables plus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (P < 0.05 for all). In logistic regression analyses, hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperuricemia were significantly associated with MetS and GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.05 for all). In linear regression analyses, serum homocysteine levels were significantly associated with GFR, WC, and triglyceride, while serum uric acid levels were significantly associated with these variables plus HDL-C (P < 0.05 for all). Both hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperuricemia had important relationships with MetS and renal function in Chinese centenarians. Hyperuricemia and hyperhomocysteinemia that could help identify, while also affecting, the development of MetS and renal function may unfold complex relationships between MetS, renal function, and cardiovascular risk and provide effective prevention strategies for these conditions.
Highlights
As a complex pathophysiological entity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a number of metabolic abnormalities and is characterized by insulin resistance [1]
Hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperuricemia were significantly correlated with MetS and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Serum homocysteine levels were significantly correlated with GFR, waist circumference (WC), and triglyceride levels, while serum uric acid levels were significantly correlated with these variables plus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (P < 0.05 for all)
Summary
As a complex pathophysiological entity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a number of metabolic abnormalities and is characterized by insulin resistance [1]. Homocysteine, a thiol-containing amino acid produced during the conversion of methionine to cysteine, has been found to correlate with insulin resistance and MetS in previous studies [5,6,7,8]. It is being debated whether these correlations exist or do not persist, making it a contentious issue in the literature [9,10,11]. There is growing interest in the relationship between hyperuricemia and MetS, which has been investigated previously in different populations, but with conflicting results [12, 13]. There is controversial and limited evidence about hyperhomocysteinemia and renal function in different populations [21]
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