Abstract
Cepstral peak prominence-smoothed (CPPs) and long-term average spectrum (LTAS) are robust measures that represent the glottal source and source-filter interactions, respectively. Until now, little has been known about how physiological events impact auditory–perceptual characteristics in the objective measures of CPPs and LTAS (alpha ratio; L1–L0). Thus, this paper aims to analyze the relationship between such acoustic measures and auditory–perceptual analysis and then determine which acoustic measure best represents voice quality. We analyzed 53 voice samples of vocally healthy participants (vocally healthy group-VHG) and 49 voice samples of participants with behavioral dysphonia (dysphonic group-DG). Each voice sample was composed of sustained vowel /a/ and connected speech. CPPs seem to be the best predictor of voice deviation in both studied populations because there was moderate to strong negative correlations with general degree, breathiness, roughness, and strain (auditory–perceptual parameters). Regarding L1–L0, this measure is related to breathiness (moderate negative correlations). Hence, L1–L0 provides information about air leak through closed glottis, assisting the phonatory efficiency analysis.
Highlights
According to Zhang [1], the voice is a suprasegmental aspect of speech that communicates meaning, ideas, opinions, and intentions by its different modulations
The human voice is a product of the aerodynamic energy conversion into acoustic energy [39]
The transglottal airflow pulse is determined by how long vocal folds remain closed, which is associated with the intensity and definition of harmonics produced in the glottal source [40]
Summary
According to Zhang [1], the voice is a suprasegmental aspect of speech that communicates meaning, ideas, opinions, and intentions by its different modulations. A balanced phonation system must convert aerodynamic energy into acoustic energy. The harmonic energy modulation determines the speech sounds and their meanings, so the harmonic energy must be above the noise level for effective communication and its meanings to happen [1]. Voice disorders (i.e., dysphonia) include pitch, loudness, and vocal quality disturbances, varying from mild to complete vocal loss. Voice disorders decrease speech intelligibility and communication [2] as well as impact verbal and emotional messages and social interactions [3]. Speech-language pathologists must assess the vocal quality so they can understand vocal disorders and choose the best treatment (i.e., suppress the communicative handicap)
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