Relationship Between Pre-Diabetes and Gum Disease

Abstract

Background: Pre-diabetes is a condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that are not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes. This intermediary stage increases the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes and is associated with various complications, including periodontal disease. Understanding the relationship between pre-diabetes and periodontal health is critical for developing effective prevention and management strategies.Objective: To explore the relationship between pre-diabetes and gum disease, evaluating the prevalence and types of periodontal complications in pre-diabetic patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical records of 150 patients diagnosed with pre-diabetes from 2018 to 2022. Data were collected on periodontal conditions, including gingivitis, periodontitis, bleeding gums, and tooth loss. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were performed using SPSS version 25 to evaluate the association between periodontal complications and demographic factors.Results: Gingivitis was present in 12% of patients, periodontitis in 15%, bleeding gums in 8%, and tooth loss in 5%. Significant associations were found between periodontal complications, older age, and longer duration of pre-diabetes (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Pre-diabetic patients exhibited a high prevalence of periodontal complications, highlighting the need for early periodontal assessment and management to prevent disease progression