Abstract
El Nino Southern-Oscillation (ENSO) refers to the cycle of coherent and sometimes very strong variations in the sea surface temperature (SST), convective rainfall, surface pressure and atmospheric circulation across the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The research investigated the relationship between ENSO and rainfall across the Sudano-Sahelian region of northern Nigeria. Rainfall data for seven (7) locations were sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) covering the period from 1950 to 2019 and El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) data which comprised of Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) covering the same period. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) data was obtained from National Oceanographic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Centre. A bivariate correlation analysis between rainfall and SOI were computed for all the seven locations to determine the relationship between ENSO and Sudano-Sahelian rainfall. The result shows a significant relationship for Potiskum, Maiduguri and Katsina with correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.25, 0.26 and 0.27 respectively while Kano Gusau Nguru and Sokoto show no significant relationship. It is therefore concluded that there is no strong relationship between rainfall and ENSO in Sudano-Sahelian part of northern Nigeria. It is recommended that further research could be carried out to investigate the influence of ENSO on other climate parameters such as temperature, humidity and evapotranspiration in the study area.
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