Abstract
Wine grapes are highly sensitive to changes in climate. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of selected climatic variables such as air temperature, total precipitation and the North Atlantic Oscillation Index on wine quality. This effect was monitored in individual phenological stages of grapevine plant growth; the monitoring was done separately for each of the selected wine varieties. The following varieties were subjected to evaluation: Pinot Gris, Riesling, Welschriesling, Pinot Blanc and Müller Thurgau from the Slovacko wine subregion of the Czech Republic. The long-term trend in climate development was also analysed through two bioclimatic indices. Our results show statistically significant effects of climate change on wine quality during various phenological stages in the Slovacko wine subregion. The effect of air temperatures on wine quality during the first phenological stage proved to be either negative (for the Müller Thurgau, Welschriesling and Riesling varieties) or statistically insignificant (for the Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc varieties). For the second, third, and fourth phenological stages, the effect of air temperatures was positive for most of the analysed varieties. The statistically significant effect of precipitation on wine quality was confirmed for both Müller Thurgau and Riesling. During the first phenological phase, this effect proves to be positive, while for the other phenological stages the precipitation has a negative influence on the wine quality. The effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) shows a positive impact on the Pinot Gris variety during the first phenological stage. For the second and third phenological stages, the negative influence of the NAOI on the wine quality was confirmed for both Müller Thurgau and Pinot Blanc. Furthermore, the results show a slight, statistically significant, growth trend of the Winkler index. The growth trend of the hydrothermal index is statistically insignificant, which is probably due to the decrease in precipitation.
Highlights
The cultivation of vines is influenced by three main factors, namely by climate, soil and variety (Blij, 1983)
The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of selected climatic variables such as air temperature, total precipitation and the North Atlantic Oscillation Index on wine quality
The data indicate that the influence of climatic variables on wine quality varies for the monitored varieties
Summary
The cultivation of vines is influenced by three main factors, namely by climate, soil and variety (Blij, 1983) These factors affect the style of wine that is produced by a given wine region. Jones et al (2005) state that most wine-growing areas are located in places where average temperatures range from 12°C to 22°C during the growing season. The recommended average temperatures for the growing season for different varieties are given by Pavloušek (2009). If the region has an average temperature of 15°C during the growing season and this temperature increases by 1°C, this area is more climate-friendly for the maturation of selected varieties, while it becomes less suitable for others. The perception of wine quality depends on individual evaluation, which is influenced by the complexity of the information provided.
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