Abstract
This article addresses the social inclusion of schools. It explores the extent to which the social composition of schools is associated with that of the municipality, based on the premise that this would determine opportunities for school social mix. Data obtained from different sources, namely the fourth-grade results from Simce 2013 and the 2013 Casen Survey, were used to find out if variables based on territory such as population size, household monetary income, social heterogeneity and poverty would predict social composition of schools in the Santiago Metropolitan Area. Since the focus is on the social inclusion of the school, within a general context of segmentation, an appropriate indicator is proposed to make it visible. On average, 20% of fourth-grade students in 2013 attended schools that could be categorized as mixed, with peers from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. A logistic regression model was used to adjust the data. While the model better predicted segregated schools than mixed ones, it provided valuable clues to understand how territorial variables can affect school mix.
Highlights
En 2015 se promulgó en Chile la Ley No 20.845 de Inclusión escolar que regula la admisión de los estudiantes, elimina el financiamiento compartido y prohíbe el lucro en establecimientos educacionales que reciben aportes del Estado
This article addresses the social inclusion of schools
Data obtained from different sources, namely the fourth-grade results from Simce 2013 and the 2013 Casen Survey, were used to find out if variables based on territory such as population size, household monetary income, social heterogeneity and poverty would predict social composition of schools in the Santiago Metropolitan Area
Summary
El paisaje citadino de la RMS ha cambiado en los últimos 30 años, en lo que respecta a la composición de su base económica, su estructura social y su organización territorial (de Mattos, Riffo, Yáñez y Salas, 2005; de Mattos, Fuentes y Link, 2014). De Mattos et al (2005) analizaron datos de estructura ocupacional proveniente de los Censos 1992 y 2002 y diversas otras evidencias para mostrar que, además de los desplazamientos internos de población de altos y de bajos ingresos desde la parte central de la RMS hacia comunas del borde, también ha ocurrido una suerte de medianización, como ellos la llaman, de la estructura social. Ruiz Tagle (2016) no encontró evidencias de integración socioespacial entre vecinos de diferentes grupos socioeconómicos en su estudio de barrios mixtos de La Florida (Santiago); por el contrario, encontró una persistente estigmatización, desconfianza mutua y ventajas funcionales nimias para los más pobres. Existe otro indicador de composición social —aplicable a cualquier nivel de agregación— más apropiado a los fines de este artículo, que se explicará a continuación
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