Abstract
This study aims to assess the short-term response of groundwater to the main hydro-meteorological variables of drought in a coastal unconfined aquifer. For this purpose, a multiple fuzzy linear regression-based methodology is implemented in order to relate rainfall, streamflow and the potential evapotranspiration to groundwater. Fuzzy regression analysis is recommended when there is a lack of data. The uncertainty of the system is incorporated into the regression coefficients which, in this study, are considered to be fuzzy symmetrical triangular numbers. Two objective functions are used producing a fuzzy band in which all the observed data must be included. The first objective function, based on Tanaka’s model, minimizes the total width of the produced fuzzy band. The second one includes the first while additionally minimizing the distance between the central value of the fuzzy output of the model and the observed value. Validity of the model is checked through suitability measures. The present methodology is applied at the east part of the Nestos River Delta in the Prefecture of Xanthi (Greece), where the observed values of the depth of groundwater level of four wells are examined.
Highlights
Environments 2021, 8, 9. https://Groundwater is a vital resource of ecosystems and it is affected by natural and anthropogenic factors
9 based of 17 on objective function S will be symbolized as FLR-2
This study investigates the short-term response of groundwater to rainfall, streamflow and the potential evapotranspiration, seeking a fuzzy linear relationship among these hydrometeorological variables
Summary
Environments 2021, 8, 9. https://Groundwater is a vital resource of ecosystems and it is affected by natural and anthropogenic factors. The groundwater level of unconfined aquifers is strongly influenced by the variability of the amount of rainfall of an area and the temperature [1,2,3]. On a local scale, these climate changes have greater impact on shallow aquifer systems than on deeper ones [3]. Shallow aquifers in lowland areas, which constitute an important role in the development of societies, are under more pressure since they are commonly associated with meeting the irrigation needs of crops. Different approaches have been developed to groundwater modeling in which mathematical relationships represent either the physical laws (physical models) or the natural processes of the system (conceptual models). Natural processes may be represented through relations coming from the general theory of systems analysis without any consideration of physical laws and empirical relations (statistical-stochastic models)
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