Abstract
Is it possible to speak English with Spanish meanings, or vice versa? Are the two languages incompatible? How does a bilingual person maintain stable use of a word when it has different meanings in each language? Are dual linguistic registers separate or complementary? What establishes a division between the two languages? Is this linguistic border ever crossed? This note examines these questions in the context of Ernest Hemingway’s use of the words “Papa,” “ papa ,” and “ papá ” in Cuba and Key West after 1930. Through a multi-competence perspective of bilingualism, it argues that Hemingway’s use of “Papa/á” after 1930 corresponded to its meanings in Caribbean Spanish as well as English, a reading that nuances and complicates the powerful paternalist notions generally associated with Hemingway’s famous nickname.
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