Abstract
The properties of leverholding occurring under a procedure in which subjects were required to remain in continuous contact with the lever to avoid shock were examined and compared to nonreinforced leverholding which occurred under a traditional shock escape procedure. Long-Evans rats, exposed to either the avoidance or escape procedure, were run under both a 15- and 60-g response force criterion. Subjects in the avoidance condition spent an average of 97% of session time in contact with the lever, although these data were affected by the number of previous sessions and the response force criterion. Despite the appearance of some “warm-up” effect, many leverholding avoidance sessions were virtually shockfree. The mean force of leverholding during avoidance exceeded values obtained under the escape condition, as well as substantially exceeding the force criterion under which the behavior occurred.
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