Rehabilitation after flexor tendon injuries of the hand

Abstract

Advances in basic research evaluating suture material, techniques, and maximum tendon load with regard to repair site failure help to decide between rehabilitation protocols after the repair of flexor tendon injuries. The presentation and choice of rehabilitation protocols depending on the mechanism of injury and knowledge of the influencing factors concerning tendon load. Expected outcome after flexor tendon repair. Evaluating recent literature and basic research investigations, and presenting expert opinions. Based on the mechanism of injury, the suture technique, the compliance of the patient, and the latest knowledge on tendon capacity help to choose from the basic principles of rehabilitation protocols: passive or early motion protocols, such as those described by Duran-Houser and Kleinert, in the majority of cases lead to good and fair results according to the Hand Functional Score of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. A larger number of excellent functional results are seen after the rehabilitation of flexor tendon injuries using combined passive/active or completely active motion protocols, e.g., according to Small. In addition to choosing a specific protocol and considering different zones of injury, it is essential to thoroughly supervise therapy and to monitor the adjustment of splints. It is widely recommended that patients should be provided with additional scar treatment and physical therapy throughout their entire rehabilitation. Flexor tendon injuries, especially in zone 2, are still a challenge with regard to operative treatment and rehabilitation, with an unpredictable outcome. Further knowledge and advances in suture techniques and material will support the use of active motion protocols and improve functional results in the future.