Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that are continuously exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses. To cope with various stresses using limited resources, plants have evolved diverse mechanisms of “tradeoff” that enable the allocation of resources to address the most life-threatening stress. During our studies on induced disease resistance in rice, we have found some important phenomena relevant to tradeoffs between biotic and abiotic stress responses, and between stress response and plant growth. We characterized these tradeoff phenomena from viewpoints of signaling crosstalks associated with transcriptional regulation. Here, I describe following topics: (1) PTP1-dependent increased disease susceptibility of rice under low temperature and high salinity conditions, (2) OsNPR1-dependent tradeoff between pathogen defense and photosynthesis, (3) tradeoff between pathogen defense and abiotic stress tolerance in WRKY45-overexpressing rice plants, and (4) WRKY62-dependent tradeoff between pathogen defense and hypoxia tolerance. Lastly, I discuss my view regarding the significance of such tradeoffs in agricultural production that should be considered in crop breeding; that is, the tradeoffs, although they benefit plants in nature, can be rather disadvantageous in agricultural production.
Highlights
Plants are sessile organisms that are continuously exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses (Tian et al, 2003; Matyssek et al, 2005)
Rice plants are more susceptible to blast disease when exposed to specific abiotic stresses, including low temperature, drought, and high salinity (Kahn and Libby, 1958; Bonman et al, 1988; Gill and Bonman, 1988), even in the presence of chemical defense inducers (Ueno et al, 2015). These observations seem to reflect prioritization of abiotic stress responses over blast disease resistance in rice because the abiotic stresses are often more life-threatening than blast disease
By analyzing the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we demonstrated that abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, which was activated by cold and high salinity leading to abiotic stress responses, inactivated WRKY45, the central transcription factor in the salicylic acid (SA) defense signaling pathway in rice (Figure 1A) (Jiang et al, 2010; Yazawa et al, 2012; Ueno et al, 2015)
Summary
Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, GMO Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan. During our studies on induced disease resistance in rice, we have found some important phenomena relevant to tradeoffs between biotic and abiotic stress responses, and between stress response and plant growth. We characterized these tradeoff phenomena from viewpoints of signaling crosstalks associated with transcriptional regulation. I describe following topics: (1) PTP1-dependent increased disease susceptibility of rice under low temperature and high salinity conditions, (2) OsNPR1-dependent tradeoff between pathogen defense and photosynthesis, (3) tradeoff between pathogen defense and abiotic stress tolerance in WRKY45-overexpressing rice plants, and (4) WRKY62-dependent tradeoff between pathogen defense and hypoxia tolerance.
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